Neuro test prep Flashcards
what connects both wernicke and and Broca’s area
arcuate fasciculus
wernicke has a prob with
comprehension
Broca has a prob with
speech/production
partial loss as opposed to complete loss
dys
when you cannot remember a word
anomia
cannot read
Alexia
root word: lex
deficit in writing
agraphia
vision based on what kind of communication
gestures or facial expression/body languages/ sign language
seeing is the access and then promoting you to make a selection
-then selection and integration
lexical access
4 lexical organizational principles
-organize based on meaning –> morpheme
-usage
-organized based on sound –> phoneme
-based on semantic relationships
1st stage of addiction
binge/intoxication
where is involved in binge/intoxication
basal ganglia (habit formation)
2nd stage of addiction
withdrawal/negative affect
what is involved in withdrawal/negative affect
extended amygdala
what is the 3rd stage of addiction
preoccupation/anticiptation
what is involved in preoccupation/anticipation
prefrontal cortex
wanting, motivation connected to the affect of the drug –> induce dopaminergic release in nucleus accumbent with the drug
incentive salience
repeated use of drug –> become dissociated, use without linking _____ & _____
compulsivity and impulsivity
what are the 3 things that lead to relapse
-drug itself
-cues
-stress
fear processing and rewarding stimuli occurs here
amygdala
what happens if there is no amygdala
eliminates dear responses and ability to learn fear vs. mood
___ helps guide behavior while mood is long term
-helps for survival + reproduction, teaches something through experience
emotion
____ can lead to mood disorders especially when there is stress, cognitive motivation, somatic, & behavioral responses
emotional dysregulation
___ is critical to theories of emotion
-HPA axis
arousal
amygdala lesions, impairment in fear processing
extinction learning → unpairing
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
present unconditioned stimulus again causes
spontaneous recovery
reinstatement
response in a different context
2 pathways
contextual renewal
low road pathway
thalamus to amygdala (immediate response)
high road pathway
thalamus → cortex → amygdala (cognitive assessment)
flashbulb memory occurs because of ___
amygdala
region involving disgust
insula
in emotional regulation the front end does what
decide not to experience emotions/ not care/ ignore
in emotional regulation the back end does what
dealing with emotions/ response focused
what was affected in Phineas gage
front lobe OFC
people show enhanced memory for info pertains to self as opposed to other people
self referencing effect
how we understand what other people are feeling
theory of mind, empathy, experience sharing theory
sally ann false belief test
theory of mind
in mothering, what are the endocrine players
estrogen (inc) and progresterone (dec)
both happens at the same time
no births
nulliparous
what maintains maternal behavior early on –> endocrine to pups behaviors that rodent mothers exhibit with young
licking
transporting
nest building
lactation
one birth
primiparous
multiple births
multiparous
process of nulliparous female becoming maternally responsible
maternal sensitization (exposure to pups) - usually 5-7 days
scared of pups smell in the first place - take away their smell to speed up the process (anosmia)
social support - buffer to mitigate stress
processing safety occurs in
ventromedial prefrontal cortex
giving support →
opioids nuerotransmitter system
is only one brain region involved in loneliness?
no; 8 interrelated pathways
disorder of spacial awareness (lesion in brain) attenton set to same side of space that legion is on (ignore half of visual field)
unilateral spacial neglect
VISUAL deficit with half of visual field
hemianopsia
you are trying to process multiple objects at the same time but you cant. You have impairments in the visual systems so you only see parts of the whole. Ex. when shown a picture of a house, you would only see a window, a door, a wall, and so on, but not the entire house.
Balint’s syndrome
ability to attend to some stimuli and filter out other stimuli
would use ability to filter out noise around you until your name is called
perceptual load theory or treieman’s attenuation theory
cocktail party effect
the quality of how we experience things
contents of conscious experience → access to that information
qualia
what’s ADHD
genetic, affects learning, attentional disorder, staying focused and getting started, memory
How do we express ourselves?
Nonverbal, verbal. writing, speaking
liking is linked to
opioids
liking is linked to
opioids
anti-reward system, You are initially doing drugs beause they feel good, then you end up doing drugs becaue you dont wanna feel bad.
Solomons Opponent process theory
Trait associated with addiction
impulsivity
How are moods different from emotions
moods are diffuse longer lasting and don’t have an identifiable trigger.
emotions are part of ____ behavior
social
what are the 3 components of emotion
-cognition
-physiological
-behavioral
After extinction, the response comes back in the same context
spontaneous recovery
After extinction, the response comes back in a different context
contextual renewal
2 events get tied in together that you remember them both. one is more important but you remember the insignificant memory too cause its been “tagged” along with the other one (ex. U remember 9/11 but you also remember what u had for breakfast that morning)
Synaptic tagging capture
How does therapy help to regulate emotions:
(how can you change how you feel)
Reappraise the information: maybe this isn’t bad, try to see the silver lining, “im not going to have this response I’m going to mull it over”: RESPONSE FOCUSED
You can decide how long you want this to affect you. Go do something else to emotionally regulate
knowing info about yourself, and its also semantic knowledge, even if you dont have access to the memories that would show youre stubborn, It’s stored somewhere else
Trait-based semantic knowledge
If you want to know how someone else thinks (empathy), how would you do that:
Experience sharing theory.
What neuron is important in experience sharing theory
mirror neuron s
Disorders that can arise from troubles with empathy
Schizophrenia
ASPD
Autism
Why are virgin mice scared of baby mice?
Their smell
virgin mouse becomes maternally inclined (takes care of pups
Maternal sensitization
