Neuro Review / Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

This tract is involved in motor learning and the acquisition of new motor skills.

A

Olivocerebellar Tract (Inferior Olivary Nuclei)

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2
Q

Possible novelty detector. If a mismatch is detected between intended movement and movement that is preformed, then this structure may release appropriate olivary neurons until the mismatch is aligned.

A

Red Nucleus

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3
Q

This nucleus is involved with phobias (emotional responses):

This nucleus is involved with raising your bp when you are scared, etc. (emotional responses):

A

Basolateral Amygdala Nucleus

Central Amygdala Nucleus

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4
Q

_____ is the inability to use language, lose the use of or access to symbols humans use as concepts (words).

____ and ____ areas proved framework for two broad types of these disabilities.

A

Aphasia

Broca’s
Wernicke’s

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5
Q

Patient has trouble with left half of body. May deny something is wrong with left IMDb and can be convinced the left limb is someone else’s. Ignores left half of body (contralateral neglect). What area is damaged?

A

Right Parietal Lobe Damage

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6
Q

The parietal lobe is important for taking sensory information needed to plan a movement accurately. A lack of action (patients unable to perform some actions) is known as ____

A

Apraxias

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7
Q

This cortex is interconnected with parietal association areas. Important role in working memory “keep in mind”, problems planning, solving problems, maintaining attention

A

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

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8
Q

Damage to this cortex makes people impulsive (can’t suppress inappropriate responses/emotions)

A

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

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9
Q

_____ is a pronounced movement disorder that occurs when the _____ is injured and the indirect pathway fails to “turn off” unnecessary movements

A

Hemiballismus

Subthalamus Nucleus

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10
Q

____ is one of the classic conditions to arise when the basal ganglia is damaged

A

Chorea

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11
Q

Placidity and fearlessness are parts of this illness known as ____. Can occur when ____ are damaged.

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Both amygdalae

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12
Q

Nystagmus can occur when the _____ is damaged.

A

Vestibulocerebellum

Eye movement disorder

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13
Q

Resting tremor and bradykinesa are key features of ____ which occurs when the ____ degenerates.

A

Parkinson’s Disease

Nigrostriatal tract

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14
Q

Inability to perceive/recognize things is known as ____. Can occur when _____ is damaged.

A

Agnosia

Sensory association cortex is damaged

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15
Q

Phineas Gage’s brain injury altered his personality. He specifically experience a loss of ____ functions because the ____ was damaged.

A

Executive

Ventromedial Prefrontal cortex

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16
Q

Loss of ability to form new declarative memories could be caused by a lesion in the ____ or ____.

A

Fornices

Hippocampi

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17
Q

Left sided hemiparesis can be caused be a lesion in the ____

A

Posterior limb of the internal capsule on the right (contains the descending corticospinal tract)

18
Q

Fluent aphasia is caused by what area of the brain?

A

Left Temporal-Parietal Area (specifically Wernike’s area)

19
Q

Intention tremor with marked loss of coordination of movement on the right side of the body (mostly right arm affected; walking is ok) is due to a lesion in the _____

A

Right lateral hemisphere of the cerebellum

20
Q

If a patient has no weakness/motor dysfunction but can’t mimic what you show him, the stroke must have occurred in the _____

A

Left Parietal Lobe

21
Q

Auditory relay nucleus

A

Medial Geniculate Nucleus

22
Q

Association nucleus interconnected with prefrontal cortex

A

Dorsomedial Nucleus of Thalamus

23
Q

Relay nucleus for vision

A

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

24
Q

Motor relay nucleus

A

Ventral Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus

25
Sensory relay nucleus for the body
Ventral Posterior Lateral Nucleus of Thatlamus
26
Sensory relay nucleus for the face
Ventral Posterior Medial Nucleus of the Thalamus
27
Limbic relay nucleus receiving its main input from the mamillothalamic tract
Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus
28
Component of the reticular activating system (RAS) and also has connections with basal ganglia and the limbic system
Intralaminar Nuclei of Thalamus
29
Neurons located here project axons to subiculum
CA1
30
Neurons located here project axons to CA1
CA3
31
Neurons located here project axons to numerous cerebral cortical areas
Entorhinal Cortex
32
Receives axonal projections from the dentate
CA3
33
Source of most fibers in the fornix
Alvear pathway
34
Receives fibers traveling in the perforant pathway
Dentate
35
Neurons located here receive projections from numerous cerebral cortical locations
Entorhinal cortex
36
Hippocampus efferent fibers that converge to form the fornix
Alvear pathway
37
A destination of fibers in the fornix
Anterior Nucleus of thalamus Mammillary bodies
38
Consists primarily of fibers from the subiculum
Alvear Pathway Fimbria
39
Thalamic relay nucleus for Papez circuit
Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus
40
Receives input from a thalamic relay nucleus via the anterior limb of the internal capsule
Cingulate gyrus
41
Contains the entorhinal cortex
Parahippocampal gyrus