Neuro Review / Practice Questions Flashcards
This tract is involved in motor learning and the acquisition of new motor skills.
Olivocerebellar Tract (Inferior Olivary Nuclei)
Possible novelty detector. If a mismatch is detected between intended movement and movement that is preformed, then this structure may release appropriate olivary neurons until the mismatch is aligned.
Red Nucleus
This nucleus is involved with phobias (emotional responses):
This nucleus is involved with raising your bp when you are scared, etc. (emotional responses):
Basolateral Amygdala Nucleus
Central Amygdala Nucleus
_____ is the inability to use language, lose the use of or access to symbols humans use as concepts (words).
____ and ____ areas proved framework for two broad types of these disabilities.
Aphasia
Broca’s
Wernicke’s
Patient has trouble with left half of body. May deny something is wrong with left IMDb and can be convinced the left limb is someone else’s. Ignores left half of body (contralateral neglect). What area is damaged?
Right Parietal Lobe Damage
The parietal lobe is important for taking sensory information needed to plan a movement accurately. A lack of action (patients unable to perform some actions) is known as ____
Apraxias
This cortex is interconnected with parietal association areas. Important role in working memory “keep in mind”, problems planning, solving problems, maintaining attention
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Damage to this cortex makes people impulsive (can’t suppress inappropriate responses/emotions)
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
_____ is a pronounced movement disorder that occurs when the _____ is injured and the indirect pathway fails to “turn off” unnecessary movements
Hemiballismus
Subthalamus Nucleus
____ is one of the classic conditions to arise when the basal ganglia is damaged
Chorea
Placidity and fearlessness are parts of this illness known as ____. Can occur when ____ are damaged.
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
Both amygdalae
Nystagmus can occur when the _____ is damaged.
Vestibulocerebellum
Eye movement disorder
Resting tremor and bradykinesa are key features of ____ which occurs when the ____ degenerates.
Parkinson’s Disease
Nigrostriatal tract
Inability to perceive/recognize things is known as ____. Can occur when _____ is damaged.
Agnosia
Sensory association cortex is damaged
Phineas Gage’s brain injury altered his personality. He specifically experience a loss of ____ functions because the ____ was damaged.
Executive
Ventromedial Prefrontal cortex
Loss of ability to form new declarative memories could be caused by a lesion in the ____ or ____.
Fornices
Hippocampi
Left sided hemiparesis can be caused be a lesion in the ____
Posterior limb of the internal capsule on the right (contains the descending corticospinal tract)
Fluent aphasia is caused by what area of the brain?
Left Temporal-Parietal Area (specifically Wernike’s area)
Intention tremor with marked loss of coordination of movement on the right side of the body (mostly right arm affected; walking is ok) is due to a lesion in the _____
Right lateral hemisphere of the cerebellum
If a patient has no weakness/motor dysfunction but can’t mimic what you show him, the stroke must have occurred in the _____
Left Parietal Lobe
Auditory relay nucleus
Medial Geniculate Nucleus
Association nucleus interconnected with prefrontal cortex
Dorsomedial Nucleus of Thalamus
Relay nucleus for vision
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Motor relay nucleus
Ventral Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus
Sensory relay nucleus for the body
Ventral Posterior Lateral Nucleus of Thatlamus
Sensory relay nucleus for the face
Ventral Posterior Medial Nucleus of the Thalamus
Limbic relay nucleus receiving its main input from the mamillothalamic tract
Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus
Component of the reticular activating system (RAS) and also has connections with basal ganglia and the limbic system
Intralaminar Nuclei of Thalamus
Neurons located here project axons to subiculum
CA1
Neurons located here project axons to CA1
CA3
Neurons located here project axons to numerous cerebral cortical areas
Entorhinal Cortex
Receives axonal projections from the dentate
CA3
Source of most fibers in the fornix
Alvear pathway
Receives fibers traveling in the perforant pathway
Dentate
Neurons located here receive projections from numerous cerebral cortical locations
Entorhinal cortex
Hippocampus efferent fibers that converge to form the fornix
Alvear pathway
A destination of fibers in the fornix
Anterior Nucleus of thalamus
Mammillary bodies
Consists primarily of fibers from the subiculum
Alvear Pathway
Fimbria
Thalamic relay nucleus for Papez circuit
Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus
Receives input from a thalamic relay nucleus via the anterior limb of the internal capsule
Cingulate gyrus
Contains the entorhinal cortex
Parahippocampal gyrus
