G2 Thoracic Wall, Lungs, Middle Mediastinum

Question 1

The sternal angle is at the position where Rib ___ articulates with the sternum

Answer 1

2

Question 2

Pectoral Region:

1. Blood supply
2. Lymphatic drain to
3. Cutaneous innervation

Answer 2

1. Internal Thoracic a/v
2. Parasternal and axillary nodes
3. Lat/ant nn of 4th-6th intercostal nn

Question 3

Pectoralis major is divided into ____ and ____ heads. Pectoralis minor is enveloped in _____.

Answer 3

Clavicular
Sternocostal

Clavipectoral fascia

Question 4

Intercostal vein, artery, and nerve is found in the ____ groove along the ____ border of the rib.

Answer 4

Costal

Inferior

Question 5

Covers thoracic walls, very sensitive to pain (intercostal/phrenic nerves)

Answer 5

Parietal Pleura

Question 6

Covers lungs, not sensitive

Answer 6

Visceral Pleura

Question 7

Parietal and Visceral pleuras are continuous at the _____

Answer 7

Root of the lung

Question 8

Accumulation of air in pleural cavity. Collapse of lung due to its own elasticity.

Answer 8

Pneumothorax

Question 9

Accumulation of blood in pleural cavity. May cause adhesions and infection if not removed

Answer 9

Hemothorax

Question 10

Besides air and blood, ___ can also cause lungs to collapse or create space in pleural cavity.

Answer 10

Pathological fluid (effusion)

Question 11

Inflammation of pleura. Usually leads to pleural adhesions.

Answer 11

Pleurisy

Question 12

Aspiration of fluids is known as ____. This is done at the ____.

Answer 12

Thoracentesis (Pleural Tap)

Midaxillary line (ICS 6 or 7)

Question 13

R Lung: ___ lobes
L Lung: ___ lobes
Oblique fissure: which lungs?
Horizontal fissure: which lungs?

Answer 13

3
2
Both
R only

Question 14

Connects lung to mediastinum; covered in sleeve of pleura; consists of bronchi and pulmonary vessels.

Answer 14

Root of the Lungs

Question 15

Inferiorly to the root of the lungs is a mostly empty and collapsed sleeve that contains only a few lymph vessels. This is known has the ____

Answer 15

Pulmonary ligament

Question 16

Root of lungs Neurovasculature:

1. ____ contributes to ant/post pulmonary plexuses. Dilates bronchioles
2. ____ pass posteriorly to roots of lungs. Contributes to ant/post pulmonary plexuses. Constricts bronchioles.

Answer 16

Sympathetic trunks

Vagus nn

Question 17

____ nn pass anteriorly to roots of lungs. Closely applied to pericardial sac.
____ vessels run with these nn.

Answer 17

Phrenic

Pericardiacophrenic

Question 18

____ aa supply nutrients to bronchi and lungs.

Answer 18

Bronchial

Question 19

Broad central partition separating 2 pleural cavities. Extends from thoracic inlet to diaphragm and from sternum to 12th thoracic vertebra

Answer 19

Mediastinum

Question 20

The middle mediastinum includes the:

Answer 20

1. Pericardium and heart
2. Phrenic nn (applied to pericardium)
3. Pericardiacophrenic vessels
4. Roots of great vessels to/from heart

Question 21

Tough fibrous sac lined with serous membrane. Encloses heart and pierced by roots of 8 vessels (SVC, IVC, aorta, pulm. Trunk and 4 pulm vv)

Answer 21

Pericardium

Question 22

Complete inner pericardial membrane (parietal and visceral layers)

Answer 22

Pericardial Sac

Question 23

Inside pericardial sac, potential space between serous and parietal layers, contians only a small amount of serous fluid

Answer 23

Pericardial Cavity

Question 24

Accumulation of excess fluid in pericardial cavity. Results in compression of heart. Common in conjunction with congestive heart failure.

Answer 24

Pericardial effusion

Question 25

Pericardial effusion where arterial bleeding into cavity leads to cardiac tamponade (compression of heart and roots of great vessels)

Answer 25

Hemopericardium