H1 Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The left side of the heart is the pump for the ____ circuit while the right side of the heart is the pump for the ____ circuit.

Answer 1

Systemic

Pulmonary

Question 2

____ is the outer layer of heart wall. Also known as ____ layer of the _____ ____.

Answer 2

Epicardium

Visceral
Serous Pericardium

Question 3

_____ is the middle layer of the heart wall. It is composed primarily of _____. Also contains fibrous skeleton of the heart.

Answer 3

Myocardium

Cardiac muscle

Question 4

_____ is the inner layer of the heart wall. Its three components include:

Answer 4

Endocardium

1. Endothelial cells- inner layer
2. Subendothelial layer- middle layer; conn tissue and smooth muscle cells
3. Subendocardial layer- deeper layer; conn tissue w/ intrinsic conduction

Question 5

List the four valves of the heart:

Answer 5

Two AV Valves:

1. Tricuspid Valve
2. Bicuspid/Mitral Valve

Two SL Valves

1. Aortic Semilunar Valve
2. Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Question 6

Loose connective tissue covered in endothelium. Located on atrail or blood vessels side of valve. Loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers infiltrated with proteoglycans. Shock absorber.

Answer 6

Spongiosa (layer of heart valves)

Question 7

Core of valve; contains fibrous extensions from the dense irregular conn tissue of skeletal rings of heart

Answer 7

Fibrosa (layer of valves)

Question 8

Dense connective tissue with layers of elastic fibers covered by endothelium; adjacent to ventricle side of valve

Answer 8

Ventricularis

Question 9

List the excitation sequence of the heart:

Answer 9

1. SA Node- pacemaker
2. AV Node- impulse travels via internodal pathway/tracts
3. AV Bundle/Bundle of His- only electrical connection between atria and ventricles
4. R/L Bundle Branches
5. Purkinje Fibers (Subendothelial Branches)

Question 10

_____ are modified cardiac muscle cells. Found in SA and AV nodes. (Cells of intrinsic conduction system)

Answer 10

Nodal Cardiac Muscle Cells

Question 11

Found in AV bundle, bundle branches, and subendothelial branches. Modified cardiac muscle cells. Have associated intercalated discs.

Answer 11

Purkinje Fibers

Question 12

Thickest layer of arteries. Contains rings of smooth muscle cells responsible for vasoconstriction/dilation.

Answer 12

Tunica Media

Question 13

Thickest layer in veins.

Answer 13

Tunica Externa/Adventitia

Question 14

Largest diameter arteries. Contain elastic fibers (allows for expanding/recoil). Help propel blood.

Answer 14

Elastic/Conducting/Large Arteries

Question 15

Medium sized arteries. Smooth muscle in walls (vasoconstriction/dilation)

Answer 15

Muscular/Distributing/Medium Arteries

Question 16

.1 to 2mm diameter arteries. As many as 8 layers of smooth muscle.

Answer 16

Small Arteries

Question 17

Smallest artery. Only one/two layers of smooth muscle

Answer 17

Arterioles

Question 18

Capillaries found in muscle, lung and central nervous system. Uninterrupted endothelial cell lining with tight/occluding junctions. Contain pinocytotic vessels and pericytes.

Answer 18

Continuous Capillaries

Question 19

Capillaries found in endocrine glands and at sites of fluid/metabolite absorption. Have oval pores.

Answer 19

Fenestrated Capillaries

Question 20

Capillaries found in liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Large diameter, more irregularly shaped.

Answer 20

Discontinuous Capillaries (Sinusoidal Capillaries)

Question 21

The flow of blood from an arteriole through a capillary network to a postcapillary venule.

Answer 21

Microcirculation

Question 22

The more the precapillary sphincter relax (and the smooth muscle of the AV shunt contract) -> the ____ blood will pass thru the true capillaries in the capillary beds.

Answer 22

More

Question 23

Two types of Venule:

Answer 23

Postcapillary Venule- no tunica media and no adventitia

Muscular Venule- tunica media and adventitia