N4 Auditory And Vestibular Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Fills perilymphatic space (between bony and membranous labyrinths). Similar to ECF. Continuous with subarachnoid space through cochlear aqueduct.

A

Perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fills membranous labyrinth (continuous throughout, closed system). Similar to intracellular fluid.

A

Endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cells within the walls of the membranous labyrinth are connected by tight junctions creating a ____ between Perilymph and Endolymph.

A

Diffusion barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Endolymph is secreted by cells within the cochlea called ____. Endolymph flows out through the ____ to the ____ where it is reabsorbed.

A

Stria Vascularis

Endolymphatic duct
Endolymphatic sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Auditory and Vestibular Receptors are ___ cells, which are found within the ____. Groups of hair cells, tallest stereocilia project into a _____. Tallest stereocilia are known as ____.

A

Hair

Membranous labyrinth

Gelatinous mass

Kinocilium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hair cells are _____ _____ channels.

Stereocilia are ____ (bend at base).

Stereocilia are linked to each other (so they bend as a unit) by _____.

A

Mechanosensitive transduction

Rigid (actin)

Tip Links

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Subtle differences in physical arrangements of hair cells determine the stimuli to which they are most sensitive:
Sound= _____ (structure)
Head movement = _____
Head position = _____

A

Cochlea

Semicircular ducts

Utricle and saccule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Membrane suspended in perilymph and filled with endolymph. Embedded in temporal bone, forms 2.75 turns.

A

Cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Peripheral nerve processes of the cochlea are contained within the _____

A

Osseous Spiral Lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The cell bodies (spiral ganglion) are part of this portion of the cochlea:

A

Modiolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Central nerve processes of the cochlea are part of this structure:

A

Cochlear nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sound ____ is determined by the rate and number of nerves firing

A

Intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Basilar membrane and organ of corti (tonotopic organization) detect sound ____

A

Frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sound ____ is accomplished by comparing stimuli between ears within the CNS

A

Location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When cochlear hair cells are damaged by VIII endings are intact, _____ are used where electrodes are placed at different points along the ____.

A

Cochlear implants

Basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Primary afferents stimulated by ____ contain their cell bodies in spiral Ganglion and synapse at both the ____ and ____.

A

Hair cells

Dorsal and Ventral cochlear nuclei

17
Q

Second order fibers from the dorsal cochlear nucleus ascend in the ____. Second order fibers from the ventral cochlear nucleus synapse at the ____ (by crossing the ___), then ascend through the ____.

A

Lateral Lemniscus

Superior Olivary Nucleus (involved in sound localization)

Trapezoid body

Lateral Lemniscus

18
Q

The lateral Lemniscus terminates at the ____, which sends fibers through the inferior brachium to the ____ of the thalamus, which projects to the ____ (primary auditory cortex located on the superior temporal lobe)

A

Inferior colliculus

Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN)

Transverse Temporal Gyri

19
Q

Regulates posture (erector Spinae muscles), coordinates eye and head movements

A

Vestibular Division

20
Q

Each semicircular duct has a dilation called an ____.

21
Q

A structure of the ampulla. Contains supporting cells and hair cells.

22
Q

Creates a partition across the ampulla, responds to angular acceleration (deflection in a perpendicular direction… turning a wheel)

A

Cupula (gelatinous mass)

23
Q

Semicircular ducts are not able to detect ____

A

Continuous rotation

24
Q

The utricle and saccule each have a tuft of hair cells called the ____. The stereocilia project into a gelatinous mass called the ____, which flops in response to various head positions.

A

Macula

Otolithic Membrane

25
Utricle detects these movements
Forward/backward and side/side
26
Saccule detects these movements
Forward/backward and up/down
27
The ____ projects directly to the cerebellum and vestibular nuclei.
Vestibular ganglion
28
Projections out of the vestibular nuclei:
1. Spinal cord- posture 2. Cerebellum- head movement 3. Nuclei of CN III, IV, VI- vestibuloocular reflex (eye movements that keep eye fixed on target when head moves) 4. Contralateral vestibular nuclei 5. Thalamus -> cerebral cortex- conscious awareness 6. Visceral nuclei- autonomic effects
29
Projections into the vestibular nuclei:
1. Cerebellum 2. Spinal cord 3. Visual Info 4. Contralateral vestibular nuclei
30
Vestibular projections to the spinal cord include:
1. Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract- stabilize posture | 2. Medial Vestibulospinal tract- stabilize head
31
Eyes make repetitive uncontrolled movements. Can be physiological (aids in keeping images on the retina during movement) or pathological. Can be slow and fast.
Nystagmus
32
Excessive alcohol consumption can dislodge the ____ and affect the ____
Otoconia Cupula
33
Position Sense depends on these three things: Need 2 or 3 to function; loss of 2 or 3 will cause disability known as ____
1. Vestibular Sense 2. Proprioceptive Sense 3. Visual Sense Rhomberg's sign