Neuro: Hypothalamus Flashcards
Hypothalamus is ________ to midbrain
anterior
How does the Hypothalamus control sweating?
Activates sweating
Does the hypothalamus impact GI function?
Yes, activates GI Motility
How does the hypothalamus impact blood pressure?
Increases blood pressure and heart rate
Hypothalamus is responsive to what sensory input?
Temperature, blood-borne molecules, viscerosensation - blood pressure
How does the hypothalamus contribute to body temperature?
Controls set-point body temperature like a thermostat
Can the hypothalamus induce fever?
Yes
The anterior hypothalamus plays a role in:
Heat dissipation and fever
How does the anterior hypothalamus contribute to heat dissipation and fever?
Activates sweating and vasodilation
Lesion of the anterior hypothalamus leads to ____________
Hyperthermia
The posterior hypothalamus area/nucleus plays a role in:
Heat conservation/generation
How does the posterior hypothalamus contribute to heat conservation/generation?
Vasoconstriction in skin and by shivering
In infants, the posterior hypothalamus contributes to heat conservation/generation by doing what?
Activating brown fat
Lesions of the posterior hypothalamus produce ____________
Loss of thermoregulation due to impaired heat conservation and collateral damage to projections from anterior hypothalamus
Output from the arcuate nucleus projects to brain regions that regulate ________
Feeding
Ventromedial hypothalamus plays a role in?
Feeding-suppression
The lateral hypothalamic area plays a role in
Feeding-promotion
Lateral hypothalamic area lesion temporarily reduce __________
Body weight
Stress-induced release of glucocorticoids can act in the hypothalamus to trigger __________
Hunger/eating
Stress-induced activation of brainstem norepinephrine and serotonin systems acts to ____________
Suppress hunger
Histamine system promotes _________
Alertness
Hypothalamic histamine system is located in what area of the hypothalamus?
Posterior hypothalamic nucleus and tuberomamillary nucleus
Do newer antihistamines cause drowsiness?
Not as likely to, considering they have reduced access to brain
Hypocretin/orexin promotes _________
Wake state
Hypocretin/orexin neurons are concentrated in what area of the hypothalamus?
Lateral hypothalamus
Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency can lead to __________
Narcolepsy
Regulation of circadian rhythm is by ___________
SCN (Suprachiasmatic Nucleus)
Pineal releases melatonin when?
During darkness
Release of melatonin by Pineal is inhibited by __________
Light
Mammillary bodies play a role in
Memory function
Korsakoff’s syndrome is damage due to a _________ deficiency that results from ____________
Thiamine deficiency that results from alcoholism/malnourishment
Confabulation
the unintended false recollection of episodic memories
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome can be accompanied by what deficits related to the eyes?
Oculomotor deficits
Major arterial supply to the hypothalamus
Branches from the circle of Willis
Are ischemic or hemorrhagic infarcts common in the hypothalamus?
Not common, small risk
Primary neurological problem with the hypothalamus is ________ formation
Tumor
Tumor growth at the hypothalamus can expand and crush the _________
Pituitary
Tumors typically induce angiogenesis which is ___________
Increased vascularization
Bleeding from a tumor can induce ___________
Seizures
Traumatic brain injury can sever the infundibulum causing a disconnect between the hypothalamus and __________
Pituitary
Optic chiasm and induced bitemporal hemianopia is most commonly due to __________ but can also arise from ____________
Pituitary tumor
Can also arise from medially positioned meningioma
