Neuro: Basal Nuclei 2 Flashcards
Parkinson’s causes a ________ with movement
Slowness with movement
Parkinson’s is a _______ tremor
Resting
Parkinson’s shows ________ rigidity
Interrupted -cogwheel rigidity
Damage where causes Parkinson’s?
Damage at substantia nigra pars compacta
With Parkinson’s, increased inhibition on thalamus causes ________ movement
Decreased
How might loss of dopamine affect movement in Parkinson’s?
Cause less movement due to dead nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron
What additional motor feature deficits are seen in Parkinson’s?
Decreased facial expression
Decreased blink rate (dry eye)
Small handwriting
What three hyperkinetic disorders are due to damage of the indirect pathway?
Athetosis
Chorea
Ballism
The most common hereditary cause of chorea is ______________
Huntington’s disease
How are movements with Chorea?
Not rhythmic but seem to flow and are dance-like
Basal nuclei areas may be involved in recognizing ___________
Disgust
3 neuropsychiatric symptoms of Huntington’s disease
Dementia
Depression
Psychosis
Will Huntington’s disease impact eye movements?
Yes, slowed or absent Saccades; inappropriate Saccades with fixation
People with Huntington’s disease can show deficits in the recognition of ________ and ________ and a severe problem with _________
Deficits in recognition of anger and fear and a severe problem with disgust
Huntington’s causes a loss of ____________ neurons, which causes what affect on movement?
Dopamine 2
Increased movement
Why does the loss of Dopamine 2 neurons in Huntington’s disease cause increased movement?
Because the loss of D2 neurons causes the indirect pathway to essentially be wiped out, leaving only the direct pathway which causes increased movement
Hemiballismus is characterized by
violent, forceful movements of proximal muscles
HemiBallism is due to a lesion of the
Contralateral subthalamic nucleus
Is an increase in movement seen with hemiballismus?
Yes
Damage to subthalamic nucleus on left causes a ________ deficit
Right ballism
Athetosis often occurs as a result of injury to the ____________ during when?
Basal ganglia in the perinatal period
Kernicterus caused by jaundice in low birthweight babies is an example of an injury that can cause what?
athetosis
Athetosis also presents with ______________
Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Chorea is due to damage of ____________ neurons
Dopamine 2
What is characteristic of Wilson’s Disease with regards to the eye?
Copper deposit on inner surface of cornea
People suffering from Parkinson’s disease have increased _______ of the VA/VL complex of the thalamus, leading to decreased excitation of the _______.
inhibition; frontal cortex
A 54-year-old comes into your office for new contacts. His mood seems irritable and impulsive. His left arm seems to move more than his right, and he tries to cover up this extra movement by incorporating it into semipurposeful movements. You also notice decreased speed and accuracy of saccadic movements. Which condition would you expect your patient has?
A. Huntington’s disease
A patient comes into your clinic with their right arm moving wildly even though the left arm is fine. They appear to have no control over the movements, and you end up needing to restrain their arm during the eye exam. What part of the brain is most likely damaged?
C. Left subthalamic nucleus
You have a pediatric patient coming in for an eye exam for the first time. You notice that her left arm moves slowly in a sinuous pattern and her neck appears to do the same. You notice that these movements get worse when she talks to her mother. Which movement disorder is most likely in this patient?
C. Athetosis
You have a 22-year-old patient in your clinic needing glasses for the first time. You notice the patient has balance issues, moves slowly, and has rigidity. When they walk, they have very small steps. They also appear to blink less often. While talking to them, they mentioned developing these issues recently after one of the best raves of their life. What is the likely diagnosis of this patient?
B. Toxin-induced Parkinsonism
Bradykinesia is a disorder involving:
slow movement
Bradykinesia is often seen in what neurological condition?
Parkinson’s
Chorea movements
movements that are sudden, random, and involuntary
Chorea is often associated with what neurological condition?
Huntington’s Disease
