Neuro Good To Know

Question 1

Presynaptic nerve terminal to post synaptic cell

Answer 1

The neurotransmitter is synthesized and then stored and then leave the presynaptic cell and goes into the synapse and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell and then is terminated via reputake, degration by enzyme or diffusion away from gap

Question 2

CNS contains what

Answer 2

Brain and spinal chord

Question 3

PNS contains what

Answer 3

Motor system and autonomic nervous system

Question 4

Motor system contains what

Answer 4

Afferent sensory nerves: signals from body TO brain & spinal chord
Efferent sensory nerves: signals from brain TO body

Question 5

Autonomic system contains what

Answer 5

Sympathetic: protects during danger/stress (fight&flight)
Parasympathetic: maintains regulation of body (rest&digest)

Question 6

What is membrane potential

Answer 6

Charge difference between the inside and outside of cell

Question 7

Depolarization

Answer 7

When sodium moves in and potassium moves out which causes the membrane potential to be less negative

Question 8

GABA

Answer 8

Calms neuron and muscle excitability

Question 9

Dopamine

Answer 9

Acts as a reward motivated behavior in the central nervous system
Inhibits norepinephrine released, acts a a vasodilator, increases sodium excretion and urine output, reduces insulin production, reduces G.I. motility, protects intestinal mucosa, reduces the activity of lymphocytes

Question 10

What causes Parkinson’s

Answer 10

A loss of dopamine secreting neurons in the midbrain

Question 11

Acetylcholine receptors

Answer 11

Located in the parasympathetic and sympathetic system and the receptors cholinergic

Question 12

Norepinephrine and epinephrine receptor

Answer 12

Located in the sympathetic nervous system and the receptor is adrenergic

Question 13

Adrenergic receptors

Answer 13

Beta and alpha

Question 14

Cholinergic receptors

Answer 14

Nicotinic and muscarinic

Question 15

Drug therapy goals related to the neurological system

Answer 15

Increase or decrease CNS activity
Regulate amount of neurotransmitter
Simulator block autonomic receptors
Treats depression and anxiety

Question 16

Anti-epileptic side effect commonalities

Answer 16

In children CNS effects are irritability and hyperactivity
In adults drowsiness sedation and depression can occur
In older adults confusion and anxiety can occur

Question 17

Anti-epileptic nursing consideration commonalities

Answer 17

Advise the client to avoid activities that require mental alertness and avoid administering other CNS depressants

Question 18

Levodopa (Dopar)

DOPAMINE REPLACEMENT DRUGS

Answer 18

Crosses the blood brain barrier then taken up by dopaminergic nerves and converted into dopamine

Question 19

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 19

Degenerative diseases that creates plaques,neural tangles in brain, decreased levels of acetylcholine. It begins with mild forgetfulness and eventually ends with dementia and death.

Question 20

Direct acting dopamine receptor agonist do what

Answer 20

Mimic dopamine

Question 21

Dopamine replacement drug does what

Answer 21

Is converted into dopamine

Question 22

Two ways to medicate Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 22

Increasing acetylcholine or blocking receptors for NMDA

Question 23

SSRI vs Tricyclics

Answer 23

SSRI cause CNS excitation and tricyclics cause CNS depression

Question 24

Name four monoamine neurotransmitters

Answer 24

Dopamine norepinephrine epinephrine and serotonin

Question 25

What is monoamine oxidase

Answer 25

Enzyme that breaks down mono amine’s