Ms. Pam's Pink Pig (cardiac, hemato)

Question 1

Define depolarization in the heart

Answer 1

The inside of the cell goes from negative to positive. More Ca and Na goes in and K goes out.

Question 2

Positive inotropic drugs

Answer 2

Epinephrine and calcium increase calcium availability which increases contractility and strengths the heart

Question 3

Negative inotropic drugs

Answer 3

Beta blockers and calcium blockers that decrease calcium availability which decreases contractility which weakens heart

Question 4

P wave

Answer 4

Atrial depolarization

Question 5

QRS wave

Answer 5

Ventricular depolarization

Question 6

T wave

Answer 6

Ventricular repolarization

Question 7

Cardiac output calculation

Answer 7

Equals heart rate times stroke volume

Is the amount of blood exerted over one minute

Question 8

Purposes of RAAS

Answer 8

Increases blood pressure

Question 9

Define repolarization of the heart

Answer 9

Movement of ca and na out of cell and relaxes heart

Intracellular environment is more negative

Question 10

Normal blood pressure

Answer 10

Below 120/80

Question 11

Hypotensive blood pressure

Answer 11

Below 90/60

Question 12

Hypertensive blood pressure

Answer 12

140/90 or greater

Question 13

Prehypertensive blood pressure

Answer 13

130-139/80-89

Question 14

Arterial pressure (AP)

Answer 14

Arterial pressure (AP) equals peripheral resistance (PR) times cardiac output (CO)

Question 15

Cardiac Output (CO)

Answer 15

Cardiac output (CO) equals heart rate (HR) times stroke volume (SV)

Question 16

losartan (Cozaar)

Answer 16

Angiotensin two receptor blocker (ARBs)

Treats: HTN, CVA, HF and migraines

Question 17

What can’t you take the ACE inhibitor captopril (Capoten) with?

Answer 17

The ARB losartan or Cozaar

Question 18

ARBs and ACE inhibitors can not be taken with each other but both of them can be taken with what drug

Answer 18

Thiazide diuretics

Question 19

What is a major side effect of nifedipine (Procardia) and amlodipine (Norvasc) and what class to they belong to?

Answer 19

Calcium channel blockers with the major side effect of swelling of the peripheral (edema)

Question 20

What do alpha 1 receptors do in peripheral and coronary blood vessels?

Answer 20

constriction

Question 21

What do beta 2 receptors do in peripheral and coronary blood vessels?

Answer 21

dilation

Question 22

Which receptor increases heart rate and force of contraction?

Answer 22

beta 1

Question 23

Alpha 1 adrenergic blocker drug name and MOA

Answer 23

Name: doxazosin (Cardura)
MOA: blocks alpha 1 adrenergic receptors promoting vasodilation

Question 24

Beta 1 adrenergic blocker drug name and MOA

Answer 24

Name: atenolol (Tenormin) or metoprolol (Lopressor)
MOA: selectively blocks beta 1 adrenergic receptors in the myocardium which results in a decrease in: cardiac output, peripheral resistance and myocardial oxygen consumption

Question 25

Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist drug name and MOA

Answer 25

Name: clonidine (Catapres)
MOA: stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors in CNS decreasing sympathetic outflow, inhibiting vasoconstriction and ultimately reducing blood pressure.

Question 26

Alpha/beta blockers drug name and MOA

Answer 26

Name: carvedilol (Coreg)
MOA: blocks cardia beta 1 and pulmonary beta 2 receptor sites which slows heart rate, decreases myocardial excitability and reduces cardiac output

Question 27

Do not give atenolol to a patient with what

Answer 27

asthma

Question 28

If a drug blocks the beta 1 receptor what would happen?

Answer 28

Heart rate and contractility would decrease

Question 29

Right sided heart failure presents with what?

Answer 29

Swelling of feet and peripheral fluid retention because blood gets backed up into veins

Question 30

Left sided heart failure presents with what?

Answer 30

SOB because blood backs up into lungs

Question 31

Diuretics do what?

Answer 31

They can treat heart failure and hypertension by increasing urinary output and decreasing blood volume

Question 32

Where do loop diuretics work in the kidney and what is the name of them?

Answer 32

The loop of henle and furosemide (Lasix)

Question 33

Common side effect of loop diuretics is?

Answer 33

Electrolyte imbalance

Question 34

Common form of toxicity that furosimide (Lasix) causes?

Answer 34

ototoxicity

Question 35

Where do thiazide diuretics work in the kidney and what is the name of them?

Answer 35

The distal tubule and hydrochlorothiazide

Question 36

Thiazide diuretics blocks what from being reabsorbed and what does that cause?

Answer 36

Blocks Na from being reabsorbed and it caused fluid electrolyte imbalances

Question 37

Name and adverse effect of K+ sparing diuretics

Answer 37

Name: spironolactone (Aldactone)

Adverse effect: cardiac dysrhythmias from hyperkalemia

Question 38

Cardiac glycoside name and common side effect

Answer 38

Name: digoxin (lanoxin)

Side effect: bradycardia (withhold med if pulse goes below a prearranged parameter)

Question 39

Class and therapeutic range of digoxin

Answer 39

Class: cardiac glycoside
TR: 0.5 to 0.8, too much can be toxic

Question 40

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor drug name and two major side effects

Answer 40

Name: milrinone (Primacor)
Side effects:
Hypokalema (requires continuous K+ level monitoring)
Cardiac dysrhythmias/hypotension (requires continuous ECG BP and HR monitoring)

Question 41

Alteplase

Answer 41

Only one that busts clots

Question 42

Insulin is a…

Answer 42

Time critical med

Question 43

What does tome critical mean

Answer 43

May cause harm if you don’t take it within 30 minutes of the scheduled time

Question 44

Who makes laws that govern nurse practice

Answer 44

National counsel state of board nursing

Question 45

5 rights

Answer 45

Patient drug route dose time + documentation