Neuro - charts Flashcards
Motor speech = ___
Sensory speech = ___
Broca’s
Wernike’s
This occurs w/sudden peripheral vasodilatation, w/out a compensatory rise in CO. HR, then B/P fall.
Vasovagal syncope
This occurs w/inadequate vasoconstrictor reflexes in both arterioles and veins, w/resultant venous pooling, decreased CO, and low B/P.
Orthostatic/postural hypotension
___ seizures are conceptualized as originating w/in networks limited to one hemisphere.
Focal
W/this type of seizure, the person loses consciousness suddenly, sometimes w/a cry, and the body stiffens. Breathing briefly stops and the person becomes cyanotic. Then a phase of rhythmic muscular contraction follows. Breathing resumes and is often noisy w/excessive salivation. Injury tongue biting, and urinary incont may occur.
Tonic-clonic/grand mal
W this type of a seizure, there is a sudden brief lapse of consciousness w/momentary blinking, staring, or movements of the lips and hands but no falling. Typical last less then 10 secs and stop abruptly, whereas atypical may last more than 10 secs.
Absence
W/this type of seizure, there is sudden, brief, rapid jerks, involving the trunk or limbs.
Myoclonic
W/this type of seizure there is sudden loss of consciousness w/falling but no movements. Injury may occur.
Myoclonic attack/drop attack
___ may mimic seizures but are d/t a conversion reaction. Typically a psychological disorder.
Pseudoseizures
These occur at rest and may decrease or disappear w/voluntary movement. Typically present as relatively slow, fine, pill-rolling tremor, as shown in ___.
Resting/static tremors, parkinsons
These appear when the affected part is actively maintaining a posture. Examples include the fine rapid tremor of hyperthyroidism, tremors of anxiety, and benign essential tremor.
postural tremors
These are absent w/rest, appear w/movement and often get worse as the target gets closer.
Intention tremors
These are rhythmic, repetitive, bizarre movements that chiefly involve the face, mouth, jaw, and tongue. There is typically grimacing, pursing of the lips, protrusions of the tongue, opening and closing of the mouth, and deviations of the jaw.
oral-facial dyskinesias
These are brief, repetitive, stereotyped, coordinated movements occurring at irregular intervals. Examples include repetitive winking, grimacing, and shoulder shrugging as seen in ___.
Tics, Tourette’s
These are slower w/more twisting and writhing and most commonly involve the face and the distal ext. Often seen in ___ ___.
Athetosis, cerebral palsy
___ are brief, rapid, jerky, irregular, and unpredictable movements and is seen in ___ disease.
Chorea, Huntingtons
___ involve larger portions of the body, including the trunk. Grotesque, twisted postures may result.
Dystonia
A fluent receptive aphasia = ___
A nonfluent expressive aphasia = ___
Sentences lack meaning and words are malformed or incomprehensible = ___
Slow, w/few words and laborious effort = ___.
Wernicke’s
Broca’s
Wernicke’s
Broca’s
Peripheral nerve damage to CN VII paralyzes the entire ___ side of the face, including the forehead.
right
___ is increased muscle tone that is rate dependent and is commonly seen in stroke.
Spasticity
___ is increased resistance that persists throughout the movement arc and is commonly seen in Parkinsonism.
Rigidity
___ is loss of muscle tone, causing the limb to be loose or floppy and is commonly see in Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Flaccidity
___ is sudden changes in tone w/passing ROM and is commonly seen in dementia.
Paratonia
This gait is seen in corticospinal tract lesion in stroke, causing poor control of flexor muscles during swing phase.
Spastic hemiparesis
This gait is seen in spinal cord disease, causing bilat LE spasticity. Gait is stiff.
Scissors gait
This gait is seen in foot drop, usually secondary to periph motor unit dis. Pt’s either drag the foot or lift them high, w.knees flexed, and bring them down w/a slap on the floor.
Steppage gait
This gait has a stooped posture, w/flexion of head, arms, hips, and knees. Pt’s are slow getting started. Steps are short and shuffling. Pt’s turn around in one piece all stiffly.
Parkinsonian gait
Bilat small pupils suggest dmg to the ___ pathways in the hypothalamus.
sympathetic
Pinpoint pupils suggest a hemorrhage in the ___.
pons
Bilat fixed and dilated pupils may be d/t severe ___ and can be seen after cardiac arrest.
anoxia
Bilat large reactive pupils may be d/t drugs like ?
cocaine, amphetamine, LSD
A pupil that is fixed and dilated warns of herniation of the ___ lobe, causing compression of the oculomotor nerve and midbrain.
temporal
Pupils that are in the midposition or slightly dilated and are fixed to the light suggest structural damage in the ___.
midbrain
This type of posture results from dmg to the upper brain stem.
decerebrate
The arms are adducted and extended, w/wrists pronated and fingers flexed (making a tight fist), and the legs are stiffly extended w/plantar flexion of the feet w/this posture.
decerebrate
This type of posture results from dmg to one or both corticopsinal tract.
decorticate
The arms are adducted and flexed, w/wrists and fingers flexed on the chest, and the legs are stiffly extended and internally rotated w/plantar flexion of the feet w/this posture.
decorticate
