Musculoskeletal - charts Flashcards
Sensation of the lower lateral leg falls in which dermatome?
L5
Sensation of the lower posterior falls in which dermatome?
S1
What are the physical signs of mechanical low back pain?
1) point tenderness
2) pain with movement
3) loss of lordosis
4) no motor or sensory loss
5) no reflex abnormalities
What symptom is very sensitive and specific for disc herniation?
Sciatica (radicular pain)
What are the physical signs of radicular low back pain?
1) calf wasting
2) weak ankle dorsiflexion
3) absent ankle jerk
4) positive crossed straight leg raise
5) positive straight leg raise
What is the term for pain in the back or legs with walking that improves with rest, lumbar flexion, or both?
pseudoclaudication
What are the physical signs of lumbar spinal stenosis?
1) flexed posture
2) lower extremity weakness
3) hyporeflexia
4) thigh pain after 30 seconds of lumbar extension
5) negative straight raise
What is the name of an inflammatory polyarthritis common in men < 40 leading to chronic back stiffness?
Ankylosing spondylitis
What is the name of an idiopathic cause of chronic back stiffness that affects mostly men > 50?
Diffuse ioiopathic hyperotosis (DISH)
What are the physical signs of nocturnal back pain (usually malignancy)?
1) loss of lordosis
2) muscle spasm
3) limited anterior and lateral flexion of the spine
4) improves with exercise
What are the physical signs of back pain referred from the abdomen or pelvis?
1) varies with the source
2) spinal movement not affected
3) ROM not affected
What are the physical signs of mechanical neck pain?
1) local muscle tenderness
2) pain on movement
3) no neurologic defects
4) possible headache
5) possible trigger points in fibromyalgia
6) possible torticollis
What are the physical signs of whiplash?
1) usually begins day after injury
2) localized tenderness
3) decreased ROM
4) perceived weakness of upper extremities
5) may have HA, dizziness, malaise or fatigue
What are the physical signs of radicular neck pain?
1) burning or tingling to neck or one arm
2) tingling
3) weakness in triceps, fingers (C7)
4) weakness in biceps, wrist (C6)
What are the physical signs of cervical cord compression (myelopathy)?
1) neck pain
2) bilateral parathesias and weakness
3) urinary frequency
4) hyperreflexia
5) clonus at wrist, knee or ankle
6) positive babinski
7) gait disturbance
What is the name of the test?
Neck flexion with resulting sensation of electrical shock down the spine
Lhermitte’s sign
What are the symptoms associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
1) swelling of synovial tissue
2) joints tender, warm
3) prominent stiffness, usually am
4) limited ROM develops
5) weakness, fatigue, wt loss, low fever
What are the locations, patterns and onset associated with rheumatiod arthritis?
1) hands, feet, wrists, knees, elbows, ankle
2) symmetrically additive
3) insidious onset
4) often chronic with exacerbations
What are the symptoms associated with osteoarthritis?
1) joint effusions
2) joints tender
3) brief stiffness, usually am
4) limited ROM
What are the locations, patterns and onset associated with osteoarthritis?
1) knees, hips, hands, cervical, lumbar spine, wrists
2) additive
3) insidious
4) slowly progressive with exacerbations
What are the symptoms associated with acute gouty arthritis?
1) persistent swelling in and around joint
2) tender, hot, red
3) no stiffness
4) motion limited by pain
5) fever may be present
What are the locations, patterns and onset associated with acute gouty arthritis?
1) base of great toe, instep, ankles, knees, elbows
2) early attacks in one joint
3) sudden, at night, follows injury or alcohol
4) isolated attacks may get more severe
What are the symptoms associated with chronic gout?
1) tophi in joints, bursae and sub-Q tissues
2) tender, warm, red during exacerbations
3) stiffness
4) limited ROM
5) possible fever
What are the locations, patterns and onset associated with chronic gout?
1) feet, ankles, wrist, fingers, elbows
2) additive, may be unilateral
3) gradual onset, repeated attacks
4) chronic with acute exacerbations
What are the symptoms associated with polymyalgia rheumatica?
1) edema over dorsum of hands, wrists, feet
2) tender muscles
3) prominent in am
4) pain restricts movement (shoulders)
5) malaise, depression, anorexia, weight loss, fever, no weakness
What are the locations, patterns and onset associated with polymyalgia rheumatica?
1) muscles of hip, shoulder girdle and neck; symmetric
2) insidious or abrupt
3) chronic but self-limiting
What are the symptoms associated with fibromyalgia?
1) no swelling
2) multiple trigger points
3) stiffness in am
4) no limit to ROM
5) sleep disturbance, morning fatigue
6) overlaps with depression
What are the locations, patterns and onset associated with fibromyalgia?
1) hurts all over
2) shifting pattern
3) onset variable
4) chronic with ups and downs
