Neuro Anatomy Flashcards
What makes up the brain stem from superior to inferior:
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Which cranial fossa does the brainstem lie in
Posterior cranial fossa
Embryologically which 2 vesicles of neural tube give rise to the brainstem
3rd and 4th
What cavities of the ventricular system lie within the brainstem
cerebral aqueduct and 4th ventricle
Which cranial nerves emerge from the pontomedullary junction
VI, VII, VIII
Where do the pyramids lie, and what is their function
On the surface of the medulla
carry motor fibres to spinal cord and brain stem
Where do the decussation of the pyramids lie and what is their function
On the surface of the medulla
major decussation point of motor fibres
Where does the olive lie and what is its function
On the surface of the medulla
aiding sound perception and motor learning
What structure does the open (superior) part of the medulla open into
IV ventricle
Through which foramen does the medulla pass to become the spinal cord
Foramen magnum
What 2 structures can be seen on the surface of the pons
Origin of trigeminal nerve
The middle cerebellar peduncle (made up of centripetal fibres)
Which part of the brain lies immediately superior to the midbrain
Thalamus
Which part of the brain lies immediately inferior to the midbrain
Pons
Where do the cerebral peduncles lie and where are they destined for
Surface of midbrain
Connects cerebellum to brainstem
Name 2 other structures that lie on the surface of midbrain
Superior and inferior colliculi
What makes make up the Diencephalon
Thalamus and hypothalamus
Which two parts of the brain do the thalamus and hypothalamus lie between
Midbrain and cerebrum
What is the name given to the midline structure connecting the 2 cerebellar hemispheres
Vermis
To what part of the brain is the cerebellar hemisphere connected to by peduncles
Brainstem
What is the ventricular space that lies immediately anterior to the cerebellum
4th ventricle
What cranial fossa is the cerebellum in contact with
Posterior cranial fossa
The part of the cerebellum that lies on the Posterior cranial fossa is called
Cerebellar tonsils
Development: Forebrain becomes which structures
Thalamus and hypothalamus
cerebral hemisphere
Midbrain becomes which structures
Midbrain
Hindbrain becomes which structures
Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla
What name is given to the large fissure separating the two cerebral hemispheres
Longitudinal fissure
What connects the two hemisphere and what nerve fibres are carried their
Corpus callosum
Commissural
What is the tentorium cerebelli
Fold of dura mater which covers over the cerebellum
Where do the cerebral hemispheres sit
On the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and the middle cranial fossa.
Posteriorly where do the cerebral hemispheres sit
On the tentorium cerebelli
Where is the primary motor cortex located
Frontal lobe
Where is the primary visual cortex located
Occipital lobe
Where is the primary sensory cortex located
Parietal lobe
Where is the primary auditory cortex located
Temporal lobe
At what vertebral level do the dura mater and arachnoid mater terminate
S2
What happens to the Pia mater inferior to the spinal cord
Becomes filum terminale
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31
Blood supply to the nervous system is the circle of willis - name the arteries in the circle of willis
- Anterior cerebral A
- Anterior communicating A
- Ophthalmic A
- internal carotid A
- External carotid A
- Posterior communicating A
- Posterior cerebral A
- Superior Cerebellar A
- Basilar A
- Labyrinthine A
- Anterior inferior cerebellar A
- Posterior inferior cerebellar A
- Vertebral artery
- Anterior spinal A
From which arteries do the left and right vertebral arteries arise
subclavian
At what vertebral level do the left and right internal carotid arteries arise
C4
How is the basilar artery formed
2 vertebral arteries join at the base of the skull
Which part of the brain stem is the basilar artery most closely related to
Pons
Which artery link the internal carotid artery to the posterior cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery
Which artery links the anterior cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Longitudinal fissure
Middle cerebral artery
Lateral Sulcus
Posterior cerebral artery
Junction of midbrain and pons
What functional areas of the brain are supplied by the anterior cerebral artery
Area of olfaction
What functional areas of the brain are supplied by the middle cerebral artery
Primary motor cortex
Primary sensory area
primary auditory area
What functional areas of the brain are supplied by the posterior cerebral artery
Primary visual cortex
Which part of the brain do the vertebra-basilar system supply
Brain stem, occipital lobes and cerebellum
Which cranial nerve emerges from just above the superior cerebellar artery
Trigeminal nerve
What vein drains into the cavernous sinus and what structure in the skull base is closely related to it
ophthalmic
sphenoid sinus
What fluid circulates in the subarachnoid space
CSF
What other structures are in the subarachnoid space
Delicate connective tissue
What is the falx cerebra and what structures does it separate
The midline vertical sheet of dura
separates cerebral hemispheres
To what bony structures does the falx cerebri attach anteriorly
crista galli and frontal and ethmoid processes.
Which dural venous sinus run within the upper border of falx cerebri
inferior sagittal sinus
Which dural venous sinus run within the lower border of falx cerebri
occipital sinus
What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli
cerebellum and inferior portion of occipital lobes
What is the fold of dura that surrounds the pituitary stalk
sella diaphragm
What is the middle meningeal artery a branch of
Maxillary artery - supplies dura mater
Which artery is the maxillary artery a terminal branch of and within which glandular structure is it given off
External carotid artery
Parotid gland
Where does the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle lie and the body of the lateral ventricle
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Where does the posterior horn of lateral horn lie
Occipital lobe
Where does the inferior horn of the lateral horn lie
Temporal lobe
Where does the inter ventricular foramen lie
Connection between 3rd ventricle and lateral ventricles
Where does the 3rd ventricle lie
Midline between left and right lateral ventricles
What does the cerebral aqueduct (midbrain) do
Connects 3rd ventricle to 4th
Where is the 4th ventricle located
Pons
What cells that lie in ventricles that generate CSF
Ependymal cells
Where is the choroid plexus located
Above the 3rd ventricle
Name the 4 parts of the corpus callosum
rostrum
genu
body
splenium
What is the septum pellucidum and what do they do?
Thin sheet which lies in the mid sagittal plane and separates the anterior horns of the 2 lateral ventricles
What is the caudate nucleus and where is it
One of the basal nuclei
A bulbous projection on the floor of the lateral ventricle
Functions of the hypothalamus
Releasing hormones
Regulating body temp
Regulating emotional responses
Where is the pineal gland located
Immediately posterior to the thalamus.
Colliculi surround pineal gland
What 2 structures make up the basil ganglia
Caudate and lentiform nucleus
What is the internal capsule made up of
myelinated axons (white matter)
Which cerebral artery supplies the internal capsule
Middle cerebral artery
What is the substantial nigra
Functionally a part of basal ganglia
What cranial nerve opens into the cribriform plate of ethmoid
Olfactory
What cranial nerve opens into the optic canal
Optic
What cranial nerve opens into the superior orbital fissure
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
What cranial nerve opens into the foramen rotundum
maxillary branch of Trigeminal
What cranial nerve opens into the foramen ovale
Mandibular branch of Trigeminal
What cranial nerve opens into the internal acoustic meatus
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
What cranial nerve opens into the jugular foramen
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
What cranial nerve opens into the
Hypoglossal canal
