Endocrine Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hollow in the skull that the pituitary sits in and in what bone of the skull is it situated?

A

Hypofosseal in sphenoid bone.

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2
Q

What are the main endocrine organs in the body?

A
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Adrenal glands 
Pancreas
Ovaries 
Testes
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3
Q

Where does the optic chasm lie in relation to pituitary gland?

A

Directly above, 1cm above pituitary fossa.

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4
Q

What would the visual defect be due to pituitary gland enlargement?

A

bitemporal hemianopia

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5
Q

How is the pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus?

A

Pituitary stalk

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6
Q

What does the pituitary gland consist of?

A

Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Pituitary stalk

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7
Q

Which is the larger of the 2 lobes?

A

Anterior lobe

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8
Q

Which lobe is glandular and manufactures numerous hormones?

A

Anterior lobe

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9
Q

Anterior pituitary:

What are the types of cells present and what do they secret and what is their target organ?

A

Acidophil:
Classes:
1. Somatotrophs secrete GH to general epiphyseal growth plate.
2. Mammtrophs secrete prolactin to breast

Basophil:
Classes:
1. Corticotrophs secrete ACTH and -MSH to adrenal cortex and -melanocytes.
2. Thyrotrophs - secrete TSH to the thyroid
3. Gonadotrophs - secrete FSH and -LH to ovaries and testes and -developing follicles

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10
Q

Arterial blood supply is from where?

A

Branches of ICA - superior hypophyseal artery and inferior hypophyseal artery.

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11
Q

What does the inferior hypophyseal artery supply?

A

Posterior pituitary gland

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12
Q

What supplies the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Hypophyseal artery - breaking up into capillaries which then supply the gland

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13
Q

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary?

A

Hypophyseal portal system

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14
Q

Where does the thyroid gland lie?

A

C5 - T1 between cricoid cartilage and 6th tracheal ring.

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15
Q

Where does the isthmus lie?

A

Opposite the 2nd to 4th tracheal rings.

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16
Q

Name 3 strap muscles that overlie the thyroid gland?

A

Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid

17
Q

From which major artery in neck does superior thyroid artery arise?

A

1st branch of ECA

18
Q

What is the inferior thyroid artery a branch of?

A

Subclavian artery

19
Q

Into which vein does these drain into:

  1. Superior thyroid vein
  2. Middle thyroid vein
  3. Inferior thyroid vein
A
  1. Internal jugular vein
  2. IJV
  3. Brachiocephalic vein
20
Q

What type of cell lines the follicle?

A

Thin connective tissue

21
Q

What colour does colloid stain in H&E stain?

A

Pink

22
Q

What hormones does the thyroid secrete?

A

Thyroxine T4

Triiodothyronine T3

23
Q

How are the adrenal glands separated from the kidney?

A

Capsule

24
Q

Where do adrenal glands lie in relation to peritoneum?

A

Retroperitoneal

25
Q

What are the 2 parts of the adrenal gland?

A

Cortex and medulla