Neuro

Question 1

Deviation of both eyes to either side

Answer 1

Conjugate gaze

Question 2

Deviation of the eyes to opposite sides

Answer 2

Dysconjugate gaze

Question 3

Two mechanisms that cause a comA

Answer 3

Structural lesions- destroy RAS
(Tumor/abscess)

Toxic/metabolic-
(Toxins/lack of O2)

Question 4

Structural causes of coma (3)

Answer 4

Intracranial bleed
Head trauma
Brain tumor

Question 5

Metabolic System (6) causes of coma

Answer 5

Anoxia 
Hypoglycemia
DKA
Thiamine deficiency
Kidney and liver failure 
Postictal phase of seizure

Question 6

Drugs (5) cause of coma

Answer 6

Barbiturates 
Narcotics
Hallucinogens 
Depressants
Alcohol

Question 7

Cardiovascular (4) cause of coma

Answer 7

HTN encephalopathy
Shock
Dysrhythmias
Stroke

Question 8

Respiratory system (2) cause of coma

Answer 8

COPD
toxic inhalation (co)

Question 9

Infection (1) cause of coma

Answer 9

Meningitis

Question 10

6 general causes of coma

Answer 10

Structural
Metabolic
Drugs
Cardio
Resp
Infection

Question 11

2 types of ischemic stroke

Answer 11

Cerebral thrombosis

Cerebral Embolism

Question 12

2 types of hemorrhagic strokes

Answer 12

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 13

Babinski’s sign

Answer 13

Dorsiflexion of big toe

Fanning of outer toes

Question 14

Lesion on right side of brain will have hemiparesis/numbness on which side

Answer 14

Left side

Question 15

Diplopia

Answer 15

Double vision

Question 16

Painless visual loss in one eye

Answer 16

Monocular blindness

Question 17

S/S of hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 17

Severe headache 
N/V
⬇️ LOC 
Stiff neck
Seizure 

Cushings reflex as ICP⬆️

Question 18

Cushings

Answer 18

HTN
widening pulse pressure
Bradycardia
Altered breathing

Question 19

TIA differs from CVA by

Answer 19

S/S return to normal within 24 hrs.

Question 20

8 D’s of Stroke Management

Answer 20

Detection - family/pt calls 911
Dispatch - dispatch call
Delivery - to SRC
Door - stroke center (TPA

Question 21

Occur most often in 4-12 y/o
Brief loc w/o loss of posture
Usually No motor
Eye blinking, lip smacking, isolated contraction of muscles

Answer 21

Absence (petit mal) seizures

Question 22

Abrupt loss of muscle tone
Loss of posture
Sudden collapse
Resistant to drug therapy

Answer 22

Atonic seizures

Question 23

Brief muscle contractions

Occasionally one arm or foot

Answer 23

Myoclonic seizure

Question 24

Preceded by an aura 
Sudden loc 
Loss organized muscle tone 
Extensor muscle tone activity
Apnea
Tongue biting
Incontinence 
Ridgity

Answer 24

Tonic clonic seizure

Question 25

Extensor muscle tone activity and apnea | Few seconds

Answer 25

Tonic phase

Question 26

Rigidity alternating w/ relaxation

Answer 26

Clonic phase

Question 27

Caused by cortical lesions

Answer 27

Partial seizures

Question 28

Seizure that originates in the motor or sensory cortex | Clonic activity to one body part

Answer 28

Simple partial seizure

Question 29

Starts in a group of muscles (like wrist or hand) | May progress to whole arm or grand mal

Answer 29

Focal Motor seizure Jacksonian Simple partial seizure

Question 30

Attacks of confusion Loss of awareness w/ semi-purposeful behavior or movements Often repetitive Lasts a few minutes

Answer 30

Complex partial Seizure

Question 31

Gingival hypertrophy (swelling of the gums) can be a sign of what drug therapy?

Answer 31

Phenytoin (Dilantin) - seizures

Question 32

Neoplasm

Answer 32

Brain tumor

Question 33

Accumulation of purulent material (pus) surrounded by a capsule within the brain

Answer 33

Brain abscess

Question 34

Condition in which nerve cells in the cerebral cortex die and the brain substance shrinks

Answer 34

Alzheimer's Disease

Question 35

Slow progressive loss of awareness of time and place

Answer 35

Dementia

Question 36

Shrinking of the frontal and temporal lobes | Changes in behavior and language

Answer 36

Pick's Disease

Question 37

``` Rare hereditary disease Quick involuntary movements Speech disturbances Mental deterioration Caused by degenerative changes in cerebral cortex and basal ganglia ```

Answer 37

Huntington's disease

Question 38

``` Rare fatal brain disorder characterized by rapidly progressive dementia Probs w/ muscular coordination Personality changes Involuntary movements Impaired memory Poor judgement Often develop blindness ```

Answer 38

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Question 39

Inherited muscle disorder | Slow but progressive degeneration of muscle fibers

Answer 39

Muscular dystrophy

Question 40

Progressive disease of the CNS scattered patches of myelin in the brain and spinal cord are destroyed Autoimmune body destroys myelin

Answer 40

Multiple sclerosis

Question 41

``` Numbness Tingling to paralysis Fatigue Vertigo Clumsiness Unsteady gait Slurred speech Blurred or double vision Facial numbness or pain ```

Answer 41

Multiple sclerosis

Question 42

Disease that affects the peripheral nervous system especially spinal nerves but also cranial nerves

Answer 42

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

Question 43

Local or diffuse changes in muscle tone resulting in painful muscle spasms, unusually fixed postures and strange movement patterns

Answer 43

Dystonia

Question 44

Caused by degeneration of nerve cells in the basal ganglia in the brain Causes lack of dopamine

Answer 44

Parkinson's Disease

Question 45

Bell's palsy is caused by inflammation of which cranial nerve?

Answer 45

Cranial Nerve VII

Question 46

Nerves that control muscular activity degenerate in the brain and spinal cord

Answer 46

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Question 47

Congenital defect in which part of one or more vertebrae fails to develop completely Leaves a portion of the spinal cord exposed Can occur anywhere on the spine

Answer 47

Spina Bifida

Question 48

Where is spinal Bifida most common?

Answer 48

Lower back

Question 49

What is the most common and least serious form of spina Bifida?

Answer 49

Spina Bifida Occulta

Question 50

Type of spina Bifida where nerve tissue of the spinal cord is usually intact and covered with a membranous sac of skin

Answer 50

Meningocele

Question 51

Severest form of spina Bifida Can cause severe handicap Raw swelling over the spine Malformed spine may or May not be contained in a membranous sac

Answer 51

Myelomeningocele

Question 52

``` Range from Infection To afebrile illness w/o neurological after effects Aseptic meningitis Paralytic disease Poss death ```

Answer 52

Polio

Question 53

Fever h/a sore throat malaise

Answer 53

Nonparalytic S/S polio

Question 54

Gen. Pain weakness muscle spasms paralysis of limbs and other muscles

Answer 54

Paralytic S/S polio