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EMS 60 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Deviation of both eyes to either side

A

Conjugate gaze

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2
Q

Deviation of the eyes to opposite sides

A

Dysconjugate gaze

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3
Q

Two mechanisms that cause a comA

A

Structural lesions- destroy RAS
(Tumor/abscess)

Toxic/metabolic-
(Toxins/lack of O2)

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4
Q

Structural causes of coma (3)

A

Intracranial bleed
Head trauma
Brain tumor

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5
Q

Metabolic System (6) causes of coma

A 
Anoxia 
Hypoglycemia
DKA
Thiamine deficiency
Kidney and liver failure 
Postictal phase of seizure
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6
Q

Drugs (5) cause of coma

A 
Barbiturates 
Narcotics
Hallucinogens 
Depressants
Alcohol
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7
Q

Cardiovascular (4) cause of coma

A

HTN encephalopathy
Shock
Dysrhythmias
Stroke

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8
Q

Respiratory system (2) cause of coma

A 
COPD
toxic inhalation (co)
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9
Q

Infection (1) cause of coma

A

Meningitis

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10
Q

6 general causes of coma

A 
Structural
Metabolic
Drugs
Cardio
Resp
Infection
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11
Q

2 types of ischemic stroke

A

Cerebral thrombosis

Cerebral Embolism

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12
Q

2 types of hemorrhagic strokes

A

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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13
Q

Babinski’s sign

A

Dorsiflexion of big toe

Fanning of outer toes

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14
Q

Lesion on right side of brain will have hemiparesis/numbness on which side

A

Left side

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15
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

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16
Q

Painless visual loss in one eye

A

Monocular blindness

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17
Q

S/S of hemorrhagic stroke

A 
Severe headache 
N/V
⬇️ LOC 
Stiff neck
Seizure

Cushings reflex as ICP⬆️

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18
Q

Cushings

A

HTN
widening pulse pressure
Bradycardia
Altered breathing

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19
Q

TIA differs from CVA by

A

S/S return to normal within 24 hrs.

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20
Q

8 D’s of Stroke Management

A

Detection - family/pt calls 911
Dispatch - dispatch call
Delivery - to SRC
Door - stroke center (TPA

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21
Q

Occur most often in 4-12 y/o
Brief loc w/o loss of posture
Usually No motor
Eye blinking, lip smacking, isolated contraction of muscles

A

Absence (petit mal) seizures

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22
Q

Abrupt loss of muscle tone
Loss of posture
Sudden collapse
Resistant to drug therapy

A

Atonic seizures

23
Q

Brief muscle contractions

Occasionally one arm or foot

A

Myoclonic seizure

24
Q 
Preceded by an aura 
Sudden loc 
Loss organized muscle tone 
Extensor muscle tone activity
Apnea
Tongue biting
Incontinence 
Ridgity
A

Tonic clonic seizure

25
Q

Extensor muscle tone activity and apnea

Few seconds

A

Tonic phase

26
Q

Rigidity alternating w/ relaxation

A

Clonic phase

27
Q

Caused by cortical lesions

A

Partial seizures

28
Q

Seizure that originates in the motor or sensory cortex

Clonic activity to one body part

A

Simple partial seizure

29
Q

Starts in a group of muscles (like wrist or hand)

May progress to whole arm or grand mal

A

Focal Motor seizure
Jacksonian
Simple partial seizure

30
Q

Attacks of confusion
Loss of awareness w/ semi-purposeful behavior or movements
Often repetitive
Lasts a few minutes

A

Complex partial Seizure

31
Q

Gingival hypertrophy (swelling of the gums) can be a sign of what drug therapy?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin) - seizures

32
Q

Neoplasm

A

Brain tumor

33
Q

Accumulation of purulent material (pus) surrounded by a capsule within the brain

A

Brain abscess

34
Q

Condition in which nerve cells in the cerebral cortex die and the brain substance shrinks

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

35
Q

Slow progressive loss of awareness of time and place

A

Dementia

36
Q

Shrinking of the frontal and temporal lobes

Changes in behavior and language

A

Pick’s Disease

37
Q 
Rare hereditary disease
Quick involuntary movements 
Speech disturbances 
Mental deterioration 
Caused by degenerative changes in cerebral cortex and basal ganglia
A

Huntington’s disease

38
Q 
Rare fatal brain disorder characterized by rapidly progressive dementia 
Probs w/ muscular coordination
Personality changes 
Involuntary movements 
Impaired memory 
Poor judgement 
Often develop blindness
A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

39
Q

Inherited muscle disorder

Slow but progressive degeneration of muscle fibers

A

Muscular dystrophy

40
Q

Progressive disease of the CNS
scattered patches of myelin in the brain and spinal cord are destroyed
Autoimmune body destroys myelin

A

Multiple sclerosis

41
Q 
Numbness 
Tingling to paralysis 
Fatigue
Vertigo
Clumsiness 
Unsteady gait 
Slurred speech 
Blurred or double vision 
Facial numbness or pain
A

Multiple sclerosis

42
Q

Disease that affects the peripheral nervous system especially spinal nerves but also cranial nerves

A

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

43
Q

Local or diffuse changes in muscle tone resulting in painful muscle spasms, unusually fixed postures and strange movement patterns

A

Dystonia

44
Q

Caused by degeneration of nerve cells in the basal ganglia in the brain
Causes lack of dopamine

A

Parkinson’s Disease

45
Q

Bell’s palsy is caused by inflammation of which cranial nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve VII

46
Q

Nerves that control muscular activity degenerate in the brain and spinal cord

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

47
Q

Congenital defect in which part of one or more vertebrae fails to develop completely
Leaves a portion of the spinal cord exposed
Can occur anywhere on the spine

A

Spina Bifida

48
Q

Where is spinal Bifida most common?

A

Lower back

49
Q

What is the most common and least serious form of spina Bifida?

A

Spina Bifida Occulta

50
Q

Type of spina Bifida where nerve tissue of the spinal cord is usually intact and covered with a membranous sac of skin

A

Meningocele

51
Q

Severest form of spina Bifida
Can cause severe handicap
Raw swelling over the spine
Malformed spine may or May not be contained in a membranous sac

A

Myelomeningocele

52
Q 
Range from 
Infection 
To afebrile illness w/o neurological after effects 
Aseptic meningitis 
Paralytic disease 
Poss death
A

Polio

53
Q

Fever h/a sore throat malaise

A

Nonparalytic S/S polio

54
Q

Gen. Pain weakness muscle spasms paralysis of limbs and other muscles

A

Paralytic S/S polio

EMS 60 (13 decks)

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