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Cardiovascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Where do Atheromatous lesions and subsequent occlusion usually occur?

A
  • Vessel Bifurcations

* Decreased lumen diameter (narrowings)

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2
Q

Steps that cause Atherosclerosis

A
  1. Damage to the endothelial cells from mechanical/chemical/inflammation
  2. Platelet adhesion and clotting
  3. Smooth muscle cells move from middle layer into lining
  4. Muscle cells form atheroma in lining
  5. Atheroma become fibrous and hard
  6. Vessel narrowed
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3
Q

What can cause deep inflammation?

A

Chronic gum disease
Lingering UTI’s
Others

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4
Q

How does deep inflammation cause MI’s?

A

Weakens blood vessels which causes fatty buildups to burst

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5
Q

How can inflammation in patients at risk for heart disease be tested?

A
  • Testing blood for elevated WBC

* Measuring C-reactive protein level

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6
Q

What is C-reactive protein?

A

A chemical in the blood necessary for fighting injury and infection

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7
Q

Two names for the plaque in Atherosclerosis

A
  • Atheromata

* Atheromatous Lesions

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8
Q

How can C-reactive protein be lowered?

A
  • cholesterol-lowering drugs
  • aspirin
  • diet/exercise
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9
Q

What are two major effects atherosclerosis has on blood vessels?

A
  1. Disrupts inner most lining causing loss of elasticity and increase in formation of clots
  2. Reduces diameter of vessel lumen
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10
Q

What causes angina?

A

Imbalance between myocardial O2 demand and supply

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11
Q

Imbalance between myocardial O2 demand and supply causes a buildup of what?

A

CO2

Lactic Acid

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12
Q

What does a buildup of metabolites (CO2 & lactic acid) in ischemic tissues cause?

A

Irritates nerve endings and produces anginal pain

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13
Q

What is the most common cause of angina pectoris?

A

Atherosclerotic disease of coronary arteries

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14
Q

A temporary occlusion caused by vasospasm of a coronary artery with or without atherosclerosis

A

Prinzmetal’s Angina

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15
Q

What does an I.V. do for the heart?

A

Increases preload

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16
Q

What creates most dysrhythmias?

A

Hypoxia

-decreased heart perfusion

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17
Q

Is a bounding pulse fast or slow?

A

Slow

-increased preload=decreased rate

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18
Q

What are some characteristics of prinzmental’s angina?

A
  • often has ST elevation
  • resistant to TX (NTG)
  • pain > 10min.
  • looks like an MI
  • aka “Unstable Angina” or “Preinfarction Angina”
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19
Q 
Tachypnea 
Tachycardia
Pale, cool, clammy
Delayed cap refill 
Hypotension 
ALOC
A

S/S of decreased Cardiac Output

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20
Q 
O- sudden 
P-exercise, activity stress, big meal
Q- pressure, tightness, weight, burn
R- substernal, epigastric, may radiate to jaw, neck, shoulder or arm 
S- mild or moderate 
T- 3-5 min., rarely past 10min.
A

Angina Pectoris

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21
Q

Angina Pectoris TX

A

Calm/ reassure (⬇️O2 demand)
POC
O2 (if

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22
Q

How is stable angina relieved?

A

Rest
02
NTG

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23
Q

Name some associated S/S of angina

A
  • Anxiety
  • SOB
  • N/V
  • Diaphoresis
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24
Q

What layer does atherosclerotic plaque found?

A

Tunica Intima

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25
Why does an MI cause CHF
MI= scar tissue=scar tissue doesn't contract well
26
Why should caution be used when administering O2 and morphine on a CP Pt?
Morphine and high flow O2 ⬇️ resp. Drive | CP is caused by hypoxia
27
Name ECG changes w/ an MI (4)
* peaked T waves * ST elevation * T wave inversion * pathologic Q waves
28
What vein is usually used in a CABG
Saphenous vein
29
What arteries are used in a CABG?
Internal mammary | Radial artery
30
Where do most MI's occur?
Left ventricle | Interventricular septum
31
Occlusion of the left coronary artery will result in infarction where?
Anterior Lateral Septal wall
32
Occlusion of the right coronary artery will result in infarction where?
Inferior wall (inferior-posterior wall of left ventricle)
33
What is the most effective tx of unstable angina?
Antiplatelet agents (the thrombus is rich in platelets Fibrinolytic therapy is not effect and can accelerate occlusion
34
Occurs as microemboli from a thrombus become lodged in the coronary arteries Produces minimal damage to myocardium
Non-STEMI
35
ST depression | T wave abnormalities
Non-STEMI
36
Thrombus occluded coronary artery for a prolonged period
STEMI Clot is rich in thrombin Fibrinolytic stay minimize the size of infarct
37
What happens to cells in ischemic tissue
As cells begin to lose their electrochemical gradients they begin to swell and depolarize
38
What response do inferior myocardial infarction show?
Parasympathetic
39
What response do Anterior myocardial infarction show?
Sympathetic
40
Name the common fibrinolytic agents (5)
``` Streptokinase Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) Tenecteplase Anistreplase Reteplase ```
41
How do fibrinolytics work?
Activate the plasma protein plasminogen to dissolve the coronary thrombus
42
What are the contraindications of fibrinolytic therapy?
``` Sys BP >180-200 Dia BP >100-110 BP in each arm different by >15 Hx of CNS disease Head/face trauma in 3 weeks Stroke >3hrs or 3 mo. Recent surgery GI bleed Blood thinner, clotting probs Pregnant Serious disease ```
43
``` Acidosis ALOC Cool, clammy, cyanotic, ashen skin Hypoxemia Profound hypotension Crackles Tachycardia or Dysrhythmias Tachypnea ```
Cardiogenic Shock
44
Tx of cardiogenic shock
``` High flow O2 (poss ET) Supine or semi-fowlers if sob IV run NS ECG correct dysrhythmias Consider dopamine ```
45
``` Gradual onset CP ⬇️ BP (late) Ectopy ECG changes JVD (early) Faint or muffled heart sounds SOB Pulsus Paradoxus ST elevation or t wave changes Tachycardia ```
Cardiac Tamponade
46
Beck's Triad
Elevated venous pressure Hypotension Distant heart sounds (Most reliable signs of cardiac tamponade)
47
Cardiac tamponade tx
``` Rapid transport IV bolus (if hypotensive) ```
48
Causes of aneurysm
``` Atherosclerotic disease(most common) Infectious disease(syphilis) Traumatic injury HTN Pregnancy Genetic disorders (e.g. Marfan Syndrome) ```
49
What causes the weak point in the wall of the aorta?
Degenerative changes in the MEDIAL layer (cystic medial necrosis)
50
What is the most common site for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
The area below the renal arteries and | above the branch of the common iliac arteries
51
Rupture of an aneurysm begins with a tear in what layer?
Intima
52
What is more deadly a tear with bleeding into the retroperitoneal space or peritoneal cavity?
Peritoneal cavity
53
What s/s does a rupturing aneurysm have?
Syncope Hypotension Bradycardia (despite loss of blood)
54
What causes the bradycardia in an aortic aneurysm tear?
Stimulation of vagus nerve which is wrapped around the aorta. Stretches when it tears causing stimulation. Bradycardia is present despite hemorrhagic shock.
55
How to asses a pulsating mass
No aggressive palpation | Auscultation (similar to systolic murmur or bruit)
56
Where does blood move when there is a tear in the Intima
Between the Intima and adventitia | Resulting in a hematoma
57
Where do dissecting aortic aneurysms usually occur?
Ascending Aorta
58
Once dissection begins what can happen
It can extend distally or proximally | Can involve all of thoracic, abd and tributaries, coronary arteries, carotid and subclavian vessels
59
What happens to blood flow bypassing a dissection?
Reduced
60
Dissection can cause what complications due to reduced blood flow
Syncope Stroke Absent or reduced pulses
61
Claudication
Cramp like pain
62
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
63
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
64
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
65
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
66
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
67
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
68
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
69
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
70
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
71
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
72
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
73
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
74
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
75
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
76
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
77
Claudication
Cramp like pain
78
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
79
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
80
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
81
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
82
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
83
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
84
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
85
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
86
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
87
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
88
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
89
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
90
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
91
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
92
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
93
Claudication
Cramp like pain
94
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
95
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
96
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
97
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
98
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
99
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
100
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
101
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
102
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
103
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
104
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
105
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
106
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
107
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
108
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
109
Claudication
Cramp like pain
110
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
111
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
112
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
113
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
114
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
115
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
116
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
117
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
118
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
119
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
120
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
121
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
122
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
123
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
124
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
125
Claudication
Cramp like pain
126
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
127
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
128
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
129
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
130
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
131
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
132
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
133
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
134
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
135
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
136
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
137
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
138
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
139
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
140
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
141
Claudication
Cramp like pain
142
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
143
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
144
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
145
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
146
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
147
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
148
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
149
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
150
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
151
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
152
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
153
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
154
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
155
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
156
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
157
Claudication
Cramp like pain
158
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
159
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
160
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
161
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
162
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
163
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
164
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
165
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
166
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
167
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
168
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
169
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
170
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
171
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
172
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
173
Claudication
Cramp like pain
174
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
175
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
176
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
177
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
178
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
179
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
180
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
181
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
182
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
183
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
184
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
185
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
186
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
187
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
188
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
189
Claudication
Cramp like pain
190
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
191
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
192
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
193
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
194
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
195
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
196
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
197
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
198
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
199
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
200
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
201
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
202
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
203
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
204
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
205
Claudication
Cramp like pain
206
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
207
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
208
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
209
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
210
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
211
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
212
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
213
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
214
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
215
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
216
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
217
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
218
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
219
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
220
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
221
Claudication
Cramp like pain
222
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
223
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
224
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
225
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
226
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
227
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
228
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
229
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
230
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
231
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
232
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
233
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
234
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
235
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
236
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
237
Claudication
Cramp like pain
238
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
239
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
240
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
241
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
242
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
243
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
244
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
245
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
246
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
247
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
248
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
249
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
250
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
251
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
252
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
253
Claudication
Cramp like pain
254
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
255
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
256
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
257
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
258
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
259
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
260
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
261
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
262
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
263
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
264
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
265
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
266
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
267
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
268
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
269
Claudication
Cramp like pain
270
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
271
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
272
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
273
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
274
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
275
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
276
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
277
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
278
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
279
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
280
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
281
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
282
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
283
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
284
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
285
Claudication
Cramp like pain
286
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
287
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
288
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
289
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
290
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
291
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
292
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
293
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
294
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
295
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
296
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
297
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
298
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
299
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
300
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
301
Claudication
Cramp like pain
302
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
303
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
304
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
305
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
306
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
307
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
308
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
309
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
310
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
311
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
312
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
313
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
314
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
315
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
316
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
317
Claudication
Cramp like pain
318
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
319
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
320
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
321
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
322
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
323
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
324
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
325
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
326
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
327
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
328
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
329
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
330
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
331
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
332
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
333
Claudication
Cramp like pain
334
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
335
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
336
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
337
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
338
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
339
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
340
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
341
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
342
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
343
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
344
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
345
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
346
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
347
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
348
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
349
Claudication
Cramp like pain
350
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
351
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
352
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
353
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
354
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
355
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
356
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
357
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
358
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
359
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
360
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
361
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
362
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
363
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
364
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
365
Claudication
Cramp like pain
366
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
367
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
368
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
369
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
370
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
371
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
372
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
373
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
374
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
375
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
376
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
377
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
378
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
379
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
380
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
381
Claudication
Cramp like pain
382
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
383
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
384
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
385
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
386
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
387
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
388
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
389
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
390
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
391
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
392
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
393
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
394
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
395
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
396
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
397
Claudication
Cramp like pain
398
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
399
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
400
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
401
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
402
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
403
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
404
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
405
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
406
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
407
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
408
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
409
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
410
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
411
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
412
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
413
Claudication
Cramp like pain
414
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
415
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
416
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
417
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
418
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
419
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
420
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
421
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
422
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
423
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
424
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
425
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
426
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
427
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
428
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
429
Claudication
Cramp like pain
430
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
431
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
432
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
433
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
434
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
435
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
436
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
437
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
438
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
439
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
440
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
441
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
442
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
443
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
444
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
445
Claudication
Cramp like pain
446
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
447
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
448
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
449
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
450
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
451
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
452
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
453
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
454
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
455
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
456
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
457
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
458
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
459
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
460
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
461
Claudication
Cramp like pain
462
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
463
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
464
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
465
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
466
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
467
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
468
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
469
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
470
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
471
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
472
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
473
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
474
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
475
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
476
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
477
Claudication
Cramp like pain
478
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
479
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
480
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
481
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
482
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
483
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
484
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
485
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
486
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
487
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
488
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
489
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
490
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
491
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
492
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
493
Claudication
Cramp like pain
494
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
495
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
496
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
497
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
498
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
499
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
500
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
501
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
502
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
503
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
504
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
505
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
506
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
507
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
508
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
509
Claudication
Cramp like pain
510
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
511
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
512
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
513
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
514
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
515
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
516
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
517
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
518
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
519
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
520
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
521
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
522
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
523
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
524
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
525
Claudication
Cramp like pain
526
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
527
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
528
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
529
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
530
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
531
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
532
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
533
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
534
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
535
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
536
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
537
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
538
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
539
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
540
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
541
Claudication
Cramp like pain
542
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
543
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
544
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
545
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
546
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
547
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
548
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
549
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
550
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
551
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
552
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
553
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
554
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
555
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
556
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
557
Claudication
Cramp like pain
558
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
559
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
560
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
561
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
562
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
563
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
564
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
565
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
566
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
567
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
568
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
569
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
570
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
571
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
572
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)
573
Claudication
Cramp like pain
574
Where do almost all emboli originate?
The heart
575
What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?
``` Abdominal aorta Common femoral artery Carotid artery Brachial artery Mesenteric artery ```
576
Pain in both hips or lower limbs
Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta
577
Pain in buttocks or hip on one side
Occlusion of iliac artery
578
Claudication in the calf
Occlusion of femoral artery
579
Severe abd pain
Occlusion of mesenteric artery
580
``` Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia) Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal Distal lowered skin temp ⬇️sensory and motor Distal absent pulse Bruit over site Slow cap refill distal ```
Acute arterial occlusion
581
What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?
Mesenteric artery occlusion
582
``` Pain Edema Warmth Erythema or bluish discoloration Tenderness ```
DVT
583
What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?
Mitral | Aortic
584
What can valvular disease do to the heart?
Enlarge and thicken it | resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke
585
List 4 effects of aortic stenosis
1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle 2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy 3. Decreased CO 4. Incomplete atrial emptying
586
Heart Valve: •less blood flows through •no back flow
Valve Stenosis
587
Heart Valve: •blood flows freely •blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve
Incompetent Valve
588
Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk
Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

EMS 60 (13 decks)

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