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EMS 60 > Cardiovascular Disorders > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Where do Atheromatous lesions and subsequent occlusion usually occur?

A
  • Vessel Bifurcations

* Decreased lumen diameter (narrowings)

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2
Q

Steps that cause Atherosclerosis

A
  1. Damage to the endothelial cells from mechanical/chemical/inflammation
  2. Platelet adhesion and clotting
  3. Smooth muscle cells move from middle layer into lining
  4. Muscle cells form atheroma in lining
  5. Atheroma become fibrous and hard
  6. Vessel narrowed
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3
Q

What can cause deep inflammation?

A

Chronic gum disease
Lingering UTI’s
Others

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4
Q

How does deep inflammation cause MI’s?

A

Weakens blood vessels which causes fatty buildups to burst

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5
Q

How can inflammation in patients at risk for heart disease be tested?

A
  • Testing blood for elevated WBC

* Measuring C-reactive protein level

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6
Q

What is C-reactive protein?

A

A chemical in the blood necessary for fighting injury and infection

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7
Q

Two names for the plaque in Atherosclerosis

A
  • Atheromata

* Atheromatous Lesions

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8
Q

How can C-reactive protein be lowered?

A
  • cholesterol-lowering drugs
  • aspirin
  • diet/exercise
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9
Q

What are two major effects atherosclerosis has on blood vessels?

A
  1. Disrupts inner most lining causing loss of elasticity and increase in formation of clots
  2. Reduces diameter of vessel lumen
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10
Q

What causes angina?

A

Imbalance between myocardial O2 demand and supply

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11
Q

Imbalance between myocardial O2 demand and supply causes a buildup of what?

A

CO2

Lactic Acid

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12
Q

What does a buildup of metabolites (CO2 & lactic acid) in ischemic tissues cause?

A

Irritates nerve endings and produces anginal pain

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13
Q

What is the most common cause of angina pectoris?

A

Atherosclerotic disease of coronary arteries

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14
Q

A temporary occlusion caused by vasospasm of a coronary artery with or without atherosclerosis

A

Prinzmetal’s Angina

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15
Q

What does an I.V. do for the heart?

A

Increases preload

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16
Q

What creates most dysrhythmias?

A

Hypoxia

-decreased heart perfusion

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17
Q

Is a bounding pulse fast or slow?

A

Slow

-increased preload=decreased rate

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18
Q

What are some characteristics of prinzmental’s angina?

A
  • often has ST elevation
  • resistant to TX (NTG)
  • pain > 10min.
  • looks like an MI
  • aka “Unstable Angina” or “Preinfarction Angina”
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19
Q 
Tachypnea 
Tachycardia
Pale, cool, clammy
Delayed cap refill 
Hypotension 
ALOC
A

S/S of decreased Cardiac Output

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20
Q 
O- sudden 
P-exercise, activity stress, big meal
Q- pressure, tightness, weight, burn
R- substernal, epigastric, may radiate to jaw, neck, shoulder or arm 
S- mild or moderate 
T- 3-5 min., rarely past 10min.
A

Angina Pectoris

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21
Q

Angina Pectoris TX

A

Calm/ reassure (⬇️O2 demand)
POC
O2 (if

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22
Q

How is stable angina relieved?

A

Rest
02
NTG

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23
Q

Name some associated S/S of angina

A
  • Anxiety
  • SOB
  • N/V
  • Diaphoresis
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24
Q

What layer does atherosclerotic plaque found?

A

Tunica Intima

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25
Q

Why does an MI cause CHF

A

MI= scar tissue=scar tissue doesn’t contract well

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26
Q

Why should caution be used when administering O2 and morphine on a CP Pt?

A

Morphine and high flow O2 ⬇️ resp. Drive

CP is caused by hypoxia

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27
Q

Name ECG changes w/ an MI (4)

A
  • peaked T waves
  • ST elevation
  • T wave inversion
  • pathologic Q waves
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28
Q

What vein is usually used in a CABG

A

Saphenous vein

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29
Q

What arteries are used in a CABG?

A

Internal mammary

Radial artery

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30
Q

Where do most MI’s occur?

A

Left ventricle

Interventricular septum

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31
Q

Occlusion of the left coronary artery will result in infarction where?

A

Anterior
Lateral
Septal wall

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32
Q

Occlusion of the right coronary artery will result in infarction where?

A

Inferior wall (inferior-posterior wall of left ventricle)

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33
Q

What is the most effective tx of unstable angina?

A

Antiplatelet agents (the thrombus is rich in platelets

Fibrinolytic therapy is not effect and can accelerate occlusion

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34
Q

Occurs as microemboli from a thrombus become lodged in the coronary arteries
Produces minimal damage to myocardium

A

Non-STEMI

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35
Q

ST depression

T wave abnormalities

A

Non-STEMI

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36
Q

Thrombus occluded coronary artery for a prolonged period

A

STEMI

Clot is rich in thrombin
Fibrinolytic stay minimize the size of infarct

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37
Q

What happens to cells in ischemic tissue

A

As cells begin to lose their electrochemical gradients they begin to swell and depolarize

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38
Q

What response do inferior myocardial infarction show?

A

Parasympathetic

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39
Q

What response do Anterior myocardial infarction show?

A

Sympathetic

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40
Q

Name the common fibrinolytic agents (5)

A 
Streptokinase 
Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)
Tenecteplase 
Anistreplase
Reteplase
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41
Q

How do fibrinolytics work?

A

Activate the plasma protein plasminogen to dissolve the coronary thrombus

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42
Q

What are the contraindications of fibrinolytic therapy?

A 
Sys BP >180-200
Dia BP >100-110
BP in each arm different by >15
Hx of CNS disease 
Head/face trauma in 3 weeks
Stroke >3hrs or 3 mo.
Recent surgery 
GI bleed 
Blood thinner, clotting probs 
Pregnant 
Serious disease
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43
Q 
Acidosis
ALOC
Cool, clammy, cyanotic, ashen skin
Hypoxemia 
Profound hypotension 
Crackles 
Tachycardia or Dysrhythmias 
Tachypnea
A

Cardiogenic Shock

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44
Q

Tx of cardiogenic shock

A 
High flow O2 (poss ET)
Supine or semi-fowlers if sob 
IV run NS
ECG
correct dysrhythmias 
Consider dopamine
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45
Q 
Gradual onset 
CP
⬇️ BP (late)
Ectopy 
ECG changes 
JVD (early)
Faint or muffled heart sounds 
SOB
Pulsus Paradoxus
ST elevation or t wave changes
Tachycardia
A

Cardiac Tamponade

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46
Q

Beck’s Triad

A

Elevated venous pressure
Hypotension
Distant heart sounds

(Most reliable signs of cardiac tamponade)

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47
Q

Cardiac tamponade tx

A 
Rapid transport
IV bolus (if hypotensive)
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48
Q

Causes of aneurysm

A 
Atherosclerotic disease(most common)
Infectious disease(syphilis)
Traumatic injury 
HTN
Pregnancy
Genetic disorders 
(e.g. Marfan Syndrome)
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49
Q

What causes the weak point in the wall of the aorta?

A

Degenerative changes in the MEDIAL layer (cystic medial necrosis)

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50
Q

What is the most common site for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

A

The area below the renal arteries and

above the branch of the common iliac arteries

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51
Q

Rupture of an aneurysm begins with a tear in what layer?

A

Intima

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52
Q

What is more deadly a tear with bleeding into the retroperitoneal space or peritoneal cavity?

A

Peritoneal cavity

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53
Q

What s/s does a rupturing aneurysm have?

A

Syncope
Hypotension
Bradycardia (despite loss of blood)

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54
Q

What causes the bradycardia in an aortic aneurysm tear?

A

Stimulation of vagus nerve which is wrapped around the aorta. Stretches when it tears causing stimulation. Bradycardia is present despite hemorrhagic shock.

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55
Q

How to asses a pulsating mass

A

No aggressive palpation

Auscultation (similar to systolic murmur or bruit)

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56
Q

Where does blood move when there is a tear in the Intima

A

Between the Intima and adventitia

Resulting in a hematoma

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57
Q

Where do dissecting aortic aneurysms usually occur?

A

Ascending Aorta

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58
Q

Once dissection begins what can happen

A

It can extend distally or proximally

Can involve all of thoracic, abd and tributaries, coronary arteries, carotid and subclavian vessels

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59
Q

What happens to blood flow bypassing a dissection?

A

Reduced

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60
Q

Dissection can cause what complications due to reduced blood flow

A

Syncope
Stroke
Absent or reduced pulses

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61
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

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62
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

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63
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
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64
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

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65
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

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66
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

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67
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

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68
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

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69
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

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70
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

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71
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

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72
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

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73
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
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74
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

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75
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

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76
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

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77
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

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78
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

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79
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
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80
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

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81
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

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82
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

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83
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

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84
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

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85
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

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86
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

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87
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

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88
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

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89
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
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90
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

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91
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

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92
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

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93
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

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94
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

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95
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
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96
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

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97
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

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98
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

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99
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

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100
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

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101
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

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102
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

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103
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

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104
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

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105
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
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106
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

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107
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

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108
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

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109
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

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110
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

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111
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
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112
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

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113
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

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114
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

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115
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

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116
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

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117
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

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118
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

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119
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

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120
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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121
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
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122
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

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123
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

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124
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

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125
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

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126
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

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127
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
128
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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129
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

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2
3
4
5
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130
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

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3
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131
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

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2
3
4
5
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132
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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133
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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134
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

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1
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3
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5
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135
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

How well did you know this?
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2
3
4
5
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136
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
137
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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138
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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139
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

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2
3
4
5
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140
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

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141
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

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142
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

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5
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143
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
144
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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145
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

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1
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2
3
4
5
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146
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

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3
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147
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

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2
3
4
5
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148
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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149
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
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3
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5
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150
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

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5
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151
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

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2
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5
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152
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
153
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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154
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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5
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155
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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156
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

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157
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

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158
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

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159
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
160
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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161
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

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3
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5
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162
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

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163
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

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2
3
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5
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164
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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165
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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5
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166
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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167
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

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2
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5
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168
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
169
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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170
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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171
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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172
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

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173
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

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174
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

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175
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
176
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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177
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

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1
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2
3
4
5
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178
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

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3
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179
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

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2
3
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5
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180
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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181
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
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3
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5
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182
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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183
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

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2
3
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5
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184
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
185
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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186
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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187
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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188
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

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189
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

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190
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

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5
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191
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
192
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
193
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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194
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

How well did you know this?
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2
3
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5
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195
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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196
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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197
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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198
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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199
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

How well did you know this?
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2
3
4
5
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200
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
201
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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202
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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203
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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204
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

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1
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5
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205
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

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206
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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207
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
208
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
209
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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210
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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211
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
212
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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213
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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214
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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215
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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216
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
217
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
218
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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219
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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220
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
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221
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

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222
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

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223
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
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224
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

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225
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

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226
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

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227
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

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228
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

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229
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

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230
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

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231
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

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232
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

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1
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2
3
4
5
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233
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
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234
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

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235
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

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236
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

237
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

238
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

239
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
240
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

241
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

242
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

243
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

244
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

245
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

246
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

247
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

248
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

249
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
250
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

251
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

252
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

253
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

254
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

255
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
256
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

257
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

258
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

259
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

260
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

261
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

262
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

263
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

264
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

265
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
266
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

267
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

268
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

269
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

270
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

271
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
272
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

273
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

274
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

275
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

276
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

277
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

278
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

279
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

280
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

281
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
282
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

283
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

284
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

285
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

286
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

287
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
288
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

289
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

290
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

291
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

292
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

293
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

294
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

295
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

296
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

297
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
298
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

299
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

300
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

301
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

302
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

303
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
304
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

305
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

306
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

307
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

308
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

309
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

310
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

311
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

312
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

313
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
314
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

315
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

316
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

317
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

318
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

319
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
320
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

321
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

322
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

323
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

324
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

325
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

326
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

327
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

328
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

329
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
330
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

331
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

332
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

333
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

334
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

335
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
336
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

337
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

338
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

339
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

340
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

341
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

342
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

343
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

344
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

345
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
346
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

347
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

348
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

349
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

350
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

351
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
352
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

353
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

354
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

355
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

356
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

357
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

358
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

359
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

360
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

361
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
362
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

363
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

364
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

365
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

366
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

367
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
368
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

369
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

370
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

371
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

372
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

373
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

374
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

375
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

376
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

377
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
378
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

379
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

380
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

381
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

382
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

383
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
384
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

385
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

386
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

387
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

388
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

389
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

390
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

391
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

392
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

393
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
394
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

395
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

396
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

397
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

398
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

399
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
400
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

401
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

402
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

403
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

404
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

405
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

406
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

407
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

408
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

409
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
410
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

411
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

412
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

413
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

414
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

415
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
416
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

417
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

418
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

419
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

420
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

421
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

422
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

423
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

424
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

425
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
426
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

427
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

428
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

429
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

430
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

431
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
432
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

433
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

434
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

435
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

436
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

437
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

438
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

439
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

440
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

441
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
442
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

443
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

444
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

445
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

446
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

447
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
448
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

449
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

450
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

451
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

452
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

453
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

454
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

455
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

456
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

457
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
458
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

459
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

460
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

461
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

462
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

463
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
464
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

465
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

466
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

467
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

468
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

469
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

470
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

471
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

472
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

473
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
474
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

475
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

476
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

477
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

478
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

479
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
480
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

481
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

482
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

483
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

484
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

485
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

486
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

487
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

488
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

489
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
490
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

491
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

492
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

493
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

494
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

495
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
496
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

497
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

498
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

499
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

500
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

501
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

502
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

503
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

504
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

505
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
506
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

507
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

508
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

509
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

510
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

511
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
512
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

513
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

514
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

515
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

516
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

517
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

518
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

519
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

520
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

521
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
522
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

523
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

524
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

525
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

526
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

527
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
528
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

529
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

530
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

531
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

532
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

533
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

534
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

535
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

536
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

537
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
538
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

539
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

540
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

541
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

542
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

543
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
544
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

545
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

546
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

547
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

548
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

549
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

550
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

551
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

552
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

553
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
554
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

555
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

556
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

557
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

558
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

559
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
560
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

561
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

562
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

563
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

564
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

565
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

566
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

567
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

568
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

569
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
570
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

571
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

572
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

573
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp like pain

574
Q

Where do almost all emboli originate?

A

The heart

575
Q

What are the most common sites of embolic occlusions?

A 
Abdominal aorta
Common femoral artery
Carotid artery 
Brachial artery 
Mesenteric artery
576
Q

Pain in both hips or lower limbs

A

Occlusion of the Terminal portion of abdominal aorta

577
Q

Pain in buttocks or hip on one side

A

Occlusion of iliac artery

578
Q

Claudication in the calf

A

Occlusion of femoral artery

579
Q

Severe abd pain

A

Occlusion of mesenteric artery

580
Q 
Pain in extremity that may be severe and sudden or absent (paresthesia)
Pallor, mottled or cyanotic distal 
Distal lowered skin temp 
⬇️sensory and motor 
Distal absent pulse
Bruit over site
Slow cap refill distal
A

Acute arterial occlusion

581
Q

What acute arterial occlusion is most likely to cause shock?

A

Mesenteric artery occlusion

582
Q 
Pain 
Edema
Warmth
Erythema or bluish discoloration 
Tenderness
A

DVT

583
Q

What valves are most frequently affected by valvular disease?

A

Mitral

Aortic

584
Q

What can valvular disease do to the heart?

A

Enlarge and thicken it

resulting in loss of elasticity and increase risk of pulmonary embolism or stroke

585
Q

List 4 effects of aortic stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of aortic valve limits blood leaving the ventricle
  2. Left ventricular hyperthrophy
  3. Decreased CO
  4. Incomplete atrial emptying
586
Q

Heart Valve:
•less blood flows through
•no back flow

A

Valve Stenosis

587
Q

Heart Valve:
•blood flows freely
•blood regurgitates backward through leaky valve

A

Incompetent Valve

588
Q

Infection caused by a bacterium entering the blood
Iv drug use, central line, dental surgery, weakened heart valves
Hx of rheumatic (strep) fever or valvular disease at high risk

A

Endocarditis (infection of endocardium)

EMS 60 (13 decks)

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