Mosby Ch. 24 Respiration Flashcards
Inflammation of the tissue from foreign material entering the endotracheal tree
Aspiration Pneumonia
A fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolar-capillary injury
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
An abnormal dilation of the bronchi caused by a pus-producing infection of the bronchial wall
Bronchiectasis
Collection of air within the visceral pleura
Pt.’s w/ emphysema
Bleb
A condition that results when a bleb ruptures, allowing air to enter the pleural space from within the lung
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
What are the S/S of life-threatening pulmonary distress?
- ALOC
- Severe cyanosis
- Audible stridor
- One or Two word Dyspnea
- Tachycardia (>130) (SNS)
- Pale & Diaphoretic (SNS)
- Accessory muscle use
•Thin, barrel chest appearance
•Nonproductive cough
•wheezing and rhonchi
•Pink complexion ("pink puffers")
•Extreme Dyspnea on exertion
•prolonged inspiration
(pursed lip breathing)Emphysema S/S
- Typically overweight
- Productive cough with sputum
- Coarse rhonchi
- Chronic cyanosist (“blue-bloaters”)
- Mild, chronic Dyspnea
- Resistance on inspiration
Chronic Bronchitis S/S
Thin walled cystic lesions in the lung
Often seen in pt’s w/ emphysema
Bullae
What is a sign of accessory muscle use in infants?
Head bobbing
Is it harder for a chronic bronchitis it to breath in or out?
Both
Increased air resistance during inspiration and expiration
Is it harder for a chronic emphysema it to breath in or out?
Out
Increased airway resistance only on exhalation
Acute asthma associated with
Respiratory arrest
Drop in BP
Reduced Cardiac Output
Near-Fatal Asthma
• Decreased LOC/ALOC/Agitation •Pale & Diaphoretic •Retractions •One or Two word Dyspnea •Flaccid Muscles •HR >130min •Resp >30min Pulsus Paradoxus >20mmHg •ETCO2 >45mmHg
S/S of Asthma
Cough Hemoptysis Dyspnea Hoarseness Dysphasia Weight Loss Weakness
S/S of lung cancer
Dyspnea Rapid breathing High minute volume CP facial tingling Carpopedal spasm Etco2 <35mmHg
Hyperventilation Syndrome
ALOC Cyanosis Tachycardia Localized Decreased BS Hyperresonance to percussing SubQ Emphysema
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Sore throat Fever chills Headache Facial pain (sinus) Purulent nasal discharge Halitosis Enlarged lymph nodes
URI
Sound heard in all areas of healthy lungs
Resonance
This sound is associated with overinflation, or hyperinflation of lungs
Hyperresonance
What can Hyperresonance indicate?
Pulmonary disease
Pneumothorax
Asthma
This sound suggests fluid or pulmonary congestion
Dullness or flatness
Are BS louder during inspiration or expiration?
Inspiration
These normal BS are heard over most lung fields The major normal BS soft and low pitched Long inhale and shorter exhale Can be harsh(exercise) Diminished(old age)
Vesicular BS
These normal BS are heard over the major bronchi and upper right posterior lung field
Loud and Harsh
Medium pitch
Equal inhale and exhale
Bronchovesicular BS
These BS are heard over the trachea
Highest in Pitch
Coarse, harsh, loud
Short inhale long exhale
Bronchial BS
Abnormal BS heard in addition to normal BS
Adventitious BS
Two categories of adventitious BS
Continuous and discontinuous
Discontinuous
High pitched
Heard during end of inspiration
Sound of hair between fingers
Crackles
Continuous
High pitched musical
Usually heard during expiration
Wheezes
Continuous low pitched rumbling usually heard on expiration
Rhonchi
Inspiraty crowing type sound
Stridor
“Toy boat or blue balloons”
What is abnormal?
Bronchophony
Sounds louder if consolidated
“E-E-E”
What is abnormal?
Egophony
Sounds like “A” if consolidations are present
Whisper while lungs are auscultated
What is considered abnormal?
Whispered pectoriloquy
If sounds are clear or increased loudness during auscultation
Poss. Lung consolidation
What is consolidation?
Pneumonia or
Pleural effusion
