Abdominal Emergencies Flashcards
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines with an associated sudden onset of vomiting
Acute gastroenteritis
Inflammatory condition of the liver assoc. w/ sudden onset of
- weakness
- malaise
- anorexia
- N/V
- dull right upper quadrant pain
- jaundice
- dark urine
Acute hepatitis
Abrupt interruption of intestinal blood flow
Can result from an embolism thrombosis or decreases perfusion
Acute mesenteric ischemia
Abnormal opening of the cutaneous surface near the anus
Anal fistula
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease
Affects the ileum, colon or both
Crohn’s Disease
Inflammation of one or more of the diverticula
Caused when a diverticulum is packed with fecal matter
Diverticulitis
Presence of pouch like hernia toons through the muscular layer of the colon
May result in bright red rectal bleeding if perforated
Diverticulosis
A pouch hernia toon through the muscular wall of a tubular organ stomach small intestine or most commonly the colon
Diverticulum
Veriform
Worm like
What causes esophageal varices?
Portal Hypertension (by liver failure)
Brain damage causes by liver disease and consequent ammonia intoxication
Hepatic encephalopathy
Clay colored stools can be a sign of what?
Hepatitis
Body absorbs and stores to much iron
Accumulates in liver heart and pancreas
Hereditary hemochromatosis
Obstruction of the intestines
Ileus
Unconscious rigid contraction of the abdominal muscles
A sign of peritoneal inflammation
Involuntary guarding
Lactose intolerance is causes by a lack of which enzyme?
Lactase
Massive bleeding after a tear in mucous membrane at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
Decrease in or the absence of intestinal peristalsis
Most common cause of intestinal obstruction
Paralytic Ileus
Fluid resuscitation strategy in which fluid red cell products are with led until bleed has been surgically controlled
Permissive hypotension
Pain from the skeletal muscles ligaments vessels or joints
Somatic pain
Inflammatory condition of large intestine
Severe diarrhea and ulceration of the mucosa of the intestine
Ulcerative Colitis
Cessation of inspiration during examination of right upper quadrant(may indicate cholecystitis)
Murphy’s sign
Tenderness midway between the anterior-superior iliac spine and the umbilicus (may indicate acute appendicitis)
Mcburney’s sign
Periumbilical bluish discoloration(may indicate retroperitoneal hemorrhage, pancreatic hemorrhage, or rupture of AAA)
Cullen’s sign
Bluish discoloration of the flanks (may indicate retro peritoneal hemorrhage pancreatic hemorrhage or AAA rupture)
Grey Turner’s Sign
Pain with flex right hip rotation (may indicate appendicitis
Obturator sign
Pain when raising a straight leg against resistance (may indicate appendicitis, right side AAA)
Psoas sign
A rumbling or gurgling sound made by movement of fluid or gas in the intestines
Borborygmus
Where should dullness be heard?
Over organs and solid masses
What is the major normal sound that should be heard?
Tympany
Air in the stomach and intestines
sengstaken-Blakemore tube
Tamponade bleeding in the esophagus
How much blood can accumulate in the abdomen before distention?
1.5L
Name all solid organs
Liver
Spleen
Name all hollow organs
Stomach
Small intestine
Colon
Name retroperitoneal organs
Kidneys
Ureters
Pancreas
Duodenum
Name Pelvic organs
Bladder
Urethra
An organ fracture requires?
Surgery
Organ contusion requires?
Rest fluids
Injury to what ribs can injure the liver
8th through 12th
