Neuro 3 - Skull, orbit, ear Flashcards
Name the bones of the skull
- frontal
- parietal
- occipital
- temporal
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
Name the foramina in the skull
- ethmoidal foramina
- optic canal
- superior orbital fissure
- foramen rotundum
- foramen spinosum
- foramen ovale
- foramen lacerum
- jugular foramen
- hypoglossal canal
- foramen magnum
What passes through foramen magnum?
- vertebral arteries
- anterior and posterior spinal arteries
- spinal cord
What blood vessels passes through the ethmoidal foramina?
ethmoidal artery and vein
What passes through the optic canal?
CN II and ophthalmic artery
What passes though the SOF?
Superior ophthalmic vein and CN III, IV, V1, VI
What passes through the foramen rotundum?
CN V2
What passes through foramen ovale?
CN V3
Where do CN VII and VIII exit the skull from?
internal acoustic meatus
Apart from the cranial nerves, what passes through the IAM?
labrynthine artery
Through which foramen do the internal carotids enter the skull?
foramen lacerum
Which vessel can be found in the foramen spinosum?
middle meningeal artery
What passes through the hypoglossal canal?
CN XII - hypoglossal
What passes through the jugular foramen?
CN IX, X, XI and jugular veins
Which muscle opens the eyelid?
levator palpabrae superioris
The superior and inferior tarsals do what?
provides structural support to the eyelid
Name the extraoccular muscles
- LPS
- SO, IO
- SR, IR, LR, MR
Nerve supply of superior oblique?
trochlear nerve CN IV
Which one of the recti muscles are not supplied by the occulomotor nerve?
lateral rectus - supplied by abducens CN VI
Which EOM muscles have an isolated action?
lateral and medial recti
What does the superior rectus do?
elevates, abducts and intorts eye
What does the inferior oblique do?
elevates, abducts and extorts eye
What does the superior oblique do?
depresses, abducts, intorts eye
Blood supply to the eye and retina?
eye: ophthalmic artery
retina: central artery of the retina
3 layers of the eye
- outer: sclera, cornea
- middle: choroid, ciliary body, iris
- inner: retina
Where are tears produced?
lacrimal gland
What is the lacrimal sac?
upper dilated end of nasolacrimal duct
What carries tears from the eyes the nose?
nasolacrimal duct - drains tears into inferior meatus
What is the retina?
light sensitive region lining the back of the eye - contains photoreceptors
Where is the blind spot?
where optic nerve and retinal blood supply pierce the retina - LACKS PHOTORECEPTORS
What focuses light onto the retina?
lens
What part of the eye has the highest visual acuity?
macula lutea
What controls the amount of light entering the eye?
iris
Venous drainage of the eyeball
superior/inferior ophthalmic veins - drain into the cavernous sinus
3 parts of the ear
- outer: pinna, external acoustic meatus and canal
- middle: tympanic membrane, ossicles, Eustachian tube
inner: semi circular canals, vestibule, cochlea
What is the middle ear and what does it contain?
air filled cavity in the temporal bone containing tympanic membrane, ossicles and Eustachian tube
What do the ossicles do?
convert vibrations of the eardrum into amplified pressure waves
Which muscles contract in response to loud sounds to reduce transmission of sound to the inner ear?
stapedius and tensor tympani
Which part of the ear is responsible for sound detection and balance?
inner ear
Which geniculate ganglion is receives auditory info?
medial geniculate ganglion
