Critical Numbers Flashcards
What is a systematic review?
critical analysis of RCTs to answer specific questions
What is meta analysis?
use of statistics in systematic reviews
What is the P-value range?
0-1
What does a P-value of <0.05 indicate?
the results are statistically significant - you can reject the null hypothesis
A P-value is..
a calculated probability of rejecting the null hypothesis
How do you calculate relative risk?
ratio of risk of exposed / ratio of risk of unexposed
Define absolute risk
the actual risk of a disease occurring in a certain period of time
How do you calculate odds ratio?
ratio of odds in exposed / ratio of odds in unexposed
What is blinding?
participants, investigators and/or assessors are unaware of the group allocation
Disadvantages of RCTs
- time consuming
- expensive
- people drop out
Why might a statistically significant result not be utilised in a clinical setting?
the statistical significance may not be large enough to have an impact in a clinical setting
What statistics can be used to determine clinical significance?
- confidence intervals
- p-values
- standard error
