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Med Surg > Neuro 3 > Flashcards

Neuro 3 Flashcards

1
Q

describe Myastheria crisis

A

acute exacerbation of MG
breathing and throat muscle weakness
d/t little to no stimulus at junction (no Ach)

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2
Q

describe a Cholinergic crisis

A

presents similar to Myastheria crisis
severe weakness and resp failure
excessive stimulation at junction(too much Ach d/t high dosage of MG med)

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3
Q

how to differentiate Myastheria and Cholinergic crises

A
  • perform Tensilon test with Edrophorium drug
  • Myastheria: brief instant improvement of symptoms (muscle strength improved d/t extension of muscle stimulation)
  • Cholinergic: symptoms do not improve with drug, will become worse
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4
Q

antidote of cholinergic crisis

A

atropine

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5
Q

meds of MG

A

anticholinesterase (Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine)
corticosteroids
plasmapharesis
thymectomy

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6
Q

nursing care of MG

A

assess resp function
eat 1 hr after ChE inhibitors to avoid aspiration
eye protection, nutritional support

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7
Q

describe trigeminal neuralgia

A
  • 5th cranial nerve affected (above ear)
  • unilateral facial pain (intense spasms)
  • provoked by minimal stimulation of trigger zone
  • extremely hyper sensitive
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8
Q

type of pain experienced by trigeminal neuralgia

A

sharp, shooting, burning, jabbing, piercing

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9
Q

management of trigeminal neuralgia

A

control pain
Dilantin or Tegretol
local anesthesia
*NSAIDS will not work on nerve pain

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10
Q

abnormal, sudden uncontrolled discharge of neurons

A

seizure

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11
Q
  • chronic condition, recurrent seizures, may cause imbalance of neurotransmitters (GABA), and or electrical activity
  • neural excitation, not orderly
A

epilepsy

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12
Q

which type of seizure happens to both hemispheres of the brain

A

generalized

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13
Q

describe tonic/clonic seizure

A

lasts 2-5 min, typical seizure

tonic: stiffen, rigid muscles
clonic: jerking of extremities

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14
Q

describe absence seizure

A

often in children
brief stares
loss of consciousness

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15
Q

describe myoclonic seizure

A

brief jerking, lasts few sec

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16
Q

describe atonic seizure

A

sudden loss of muscle tone, fall and confused

17
Q

which type of seizure happens to just one hemisphere (local)

A

partial

18
Q

what is a common part of partial seizures

A

aura: impending doom of seizure is felt

19
Q

what are the types of partial seizure

A

simple: lose consciousness (1-3 min)
complex: remain conscious (unusual sensation)

20
Q

early warning sign of impending attack/seizure

A

prodromal

21
Q

visual disturbance, buzzing sounds before seizure

A

aura

22
Q

the event (seizure)

A

ictus

23
Q

maintained contractions r/t bombardment of motor impulses

A

tonus

24
Q

contraction/relaxation of muscle

A

clonus

25
Q

exhaustion (final stage of seizure)

A

postical

26
Q

should you put something in someone’s mouth during seizure

A

NO

27
Q

describe status eptilepticus

A
  • life threatening
  • brain in state of persistant seizure
  • prolonged seizure > 5 min or repeated episodes >30 min
28
Q

intervention for status eptilepticus

A

call 911 if lasts longer than 5 min
give O2- ensure patent airway
*ATIVAN-rescue drug OR Dilantin
these are sedative and hypnotic drugs to shut off brain activity

29
Q

what to do during seizure

A

privacy, protect, pad side rails

ease to floor, protect from injury, loosen clothes

30
Q

what to do after seizure

A 
position on side
check VS
allow time to sleep
re orient pt
document and time seizure
31
Q

what is another word for brain attack

A

stroke

32
Q

describe what a cerebrovascular accident is (CVA)

A
  • interruption in cerebral blood flow
  • can be ischemia, hemorrhage, embolism
  • syndrome of rapid onset characterized by neruologic defect lasting >24 hrs
  • results in impaired brain circulation
33
Q

what are stroke risk factors

A

HTN, DM, obesity, smoking, oral contraceptive, A fib, sickle cell, hyperlipidemia

34
Q

describe an ischemic stroke

A

blood CLOT in artery of brain

80% of strokes

35
Q

describe what TIA is

A 
transient ischemic attack
warning sign (first stroke) for MAJOR oncoming stroke
36
Q

describe a hemorrhagic stroke

A
  • rupture of vessel in brain with subsequent bleeding in the brain
  • 20% of strokes
  • proceeded by “worst headache of life”
  • often die instantly d/t excessive cerebral bleeding
37
Q

what is the biggest risk of hemorrhagic stroke

A

HTN-high pressure can lead to rupture of vessel in brain

38
Q

what are the warning signs of stroke

A
  • sudden weakness/numbness of face, arm, leg (esp one side)
  • sudden confusion, trouble speaking/understanding speech
  • sudden trouble seeing in 1 or 2 eyes
  • sudden severe headache
39
Q

recognition of stroke

A

FAST (face, arms, speech, time)

smile, make complete sentence, raise both arms

Med Surg (23 decks)

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