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Med Surg > Endocrine 3 > Flashcards

Endocrine 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the MAJOR mineralocorticoid

A

ALDOSTERONE

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2
Q

what is the role of aldosterone

A

RETAIN sodium and water and LOSE potassium

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3
Q

too much aldosterone results in

A

FLUID VOLUME EXCESS

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4
Q

too little aldosterone results in

A

RETAIN K

FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT

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5
Q

what are the sex hormones

A

testosterone and progesterone

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6
Q

increase in sex hormones results in

A

acne, irregular menstruation, hirsutism

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7
Q

decrease in sex hormones results in

A

decreased axillary/pubic hair, decreased libido

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8
Q

4 components of Addison’s

A

1) not enough steroids
2) risk of SHOCK
3) hypercalcemia
4) hypoglycemia

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9
Q

what is the main problem with Addison’s

A

adrenocortical insufficiency (not enough steroids)

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10
Q

what is okay to increase in Addison’s pt

A

Salt in diet so fruit juice and broccoli are okay

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11
Q

what occurs in Addison’s pt (electrolyte)

A
  • lose sodium and water

- retain/increase serum K due to decreased aldosterone

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12
Q

what must an Addison’s pt do daily

A

weigh themselves

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13
Q

indicators of adrenal crisis

A 
profound fatigue
dehydration
vascular collapse (decrease BP)
decreased Na
increased K
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14
Q

s/s of addison’s

A 
depression
hypoglycemia
postural hypotension
wt loss/ anorexia
weakness/fatigue
GI disturbance
tachy
bronze color
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15
Q

treatment of Addison’s

A

replace both steroids (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids)

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16
Q

glucocorticoid treatment

A

Prednisone

  • give 2x a day, split dose
  • 2/3 in morning and 1/3 at night
17
Q

mineralocorticoid treatment

A

Fludrocortisone

aka aldosterone

18
Q

education with Addison’s meds

A

-daily wt cheks and BP checks
-report wt gain >5 lbs
-will be on this med for rest of life
do NOT abruptly stop taking meds

19
Q

when Addison’s meds are taken…

A

glands stop producing steroids (dangerous to stop meds abruptly)
can cause an addisonian crisis

20
Q

explain an addisonian crisis

A

acute onset of hypotension
vascular collapse
x100 worse than addisons
can lead to shock (loss of volume)

21
Q

main problem with cushing’s syndrome

A

too many steroids

22
Q

what occurs in cushing’s

A

fluid volume excess (retention of Na and water)

-leads to edema

23
Q

potassium levels in cushing’s

A

decreased due to increased aldosterone

24
Q

describe steroids in relationship to Ca

A

steroids increase the uptake of Ca, excreted through GI tract

25
Q

how does body compensate for steroids increased Ca uptake

A

-body compensates by pulling Ca from bone to blood (causing osteoporosis)

26
Q

blood work on a pt with cushings would show…

A

high corticosteroid level

27
Q

s/s of cushings

A 
hyperglycemia
personality changes
*moon face
increased infection risk
osteoporosis
Na and fluid retention
thin extremities
GI distress
thin skin
bruises, petechiae
obesity
28
Q

what is the opposite of cushings

A

addisons

29
Q

surgical treatment of cushings

A

adrenalectomy (unilateral or bilateral)

30
Q

if total adrenalectomy what is needed

A

lifetime supply of steroid (meds)

31
Q

cushings pt cannot handle _____

A

stress, needs a quiet environment

32
Q

diet for cushings

A

diet: NO extra sodium (should decrease)

- increase protein, potassium, and calcium in diet

33
Q

other treatment for cushings

A

fluid restriction (watch intake/output)
stop production of ACTH (want to decrease corticosteroid secretion)
get wt daily

34
Q

compare cushings and conns

A

cushings=too much of ALL steroids

conns= ONLY too much mineralocorticoid (aldosterone)

35
Q

describe what ADH does

A 
antidiuretic
HOLS fluid (just water)
36
Q

alcohol naturally inhibits ____

A

ADH

37
Q

describe how alcohol affects ADH

A

inhibits it so makes you pee a lot (clear, dilute)

dehydrates you-results in vasoconstriction

38
Q

what is the opposite of SIADH

A

diabetes insipidus

Med Surg (23 decks)

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