Endocrine 1 Flashcards
substance secreted by organ directly into blood
affects body
hormone
what makes up the endocrine system
hypothalamus, pituitary, parathyroid, thyroid, adrenals, pancreas, testes and ovaries
where is the pituitary gland and what are the parts of it
go in through the nose to get to it
anterior and posterior parts (secrete different hormones)
describe the hormones/action of anterior pituitary gland
produces thyroid (TSH)-role in hypo/hyper thyroidism adrenal cortex-steroid hormones ACTH-stimulates cortisol mammary gland-prolactin bone- growth hormone
describe the hormones/action of posterior pituitary gland
ADH (aka vasopressin)
muscles of uterus
oxytocin
ovary and testes
produced in posterior pituitary gland function is to retain H20
ADH
these sit above the renal (kidney) organs and has two parts
adrenal glands
what are the two parts of the adrenal glands
cortex (surrounding) and medulla (middle)
describe the hormones of the cortex
glucocorticoids- cortisol(stress)
mineralocorticoids- aldosterone
sex hormones- estrogen and testosterone
describe the hormones of the medulla
epi and norepi
cathecholamine*
beta 1, beta 2, alpha
beta 1 action
increase HR, decrease GI, increase glucagon/insulin
beta 2 action
vasodilate, increase renin, relax muscle
alpha action
vasoconstrict blood vessels, decrease glucagon and insulin, dilation
describe the hormones of the thyroid gland
the two hormones (T3 and T4 are secreted into the bloodstream) affect metabolism
*thyroid hormones give us ENERGY
thyroid is based off of iodine availability and either T3 or T4 are the product
describe T3
active form of thyroid hormone
readily taken up by cells
only 24 hrs of life
describe T4
inactive form of thyroid
must bind with cell and 1 molecule will be cleared off to form T3
longer half life than T3 (about 3 days)
what else is also secreted by thyroid gland
calcitonin- moves Ca from blood to bone
broadly describe the problem with hyperthyroidism
too much energy
too much thyroid hormone
describe the feedback loop in hyperthyroidism
T3 and T4 are increased which tells the pituitary you do not need more TSH so TSH is decreased
describe the feedback loop in hypothyroidism
decreased T3 and T4 which causes TSH to produce way too much (increases)
how do thyroid hormones affect the body
metabloism: increase ENERGY increase BMR (body heat) stimulate fat elevated T3 and T4
assessment of a hyperthyroid pt
nervousness/irritability decreased attention span heat intolerance/diaphoresis (always hot) increased appetite decreased wt (wt loss) SOB visual changes palpitations/chest pain
any organ working hard will _______
enlarge
most common hyperthyroid disease is
Grave’s disease (autoimmune disorder)
physical characteristics of hyperthyroid pt
bulging eyeballs (exopthalmos)
enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
elevated BP and tachy due to increased demand on heart
hair changes
muscle weakness
tremors
GI symptoms (Increase BS, peristalsis, diarrhea)
describe exopthalmos
abnormal and irreversible
bulging of eyes
can see top and bottom of sclera
what does goiter indicate
ONLY thyroid dysfunction
cannot differentiate between hyper/hypothyroidism as it occurs with BOTH
describe toxic multinodular goiter
slower to develop than Grave’s
multiple nodules secrete excessive TH
women 60-760 ys common
*massive enlargement of neck (goiter)
diagnostic labs to determine hyperthyroidism
elevated T3 and T4
decreased TSH
thyroid scan
ECG
describe thyroid scan and interventions
given radioactive iodine, will cause glowing thyroid if hyperthyroidism
discontinue iodine meds 1 wk prior to scan
want to wait 6 wks before restart meds
goal of hyperthyroidism treatment
establish *euthyroid state (normal function)
reduce productionof thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
prevent/treat complications
meds, radioactive iodine therapy, surgery
meds for hyperthyroidism
antithyroids and beta blockers
what are the two antithyroid meds
methimazole or tapazole (PTU) potassium idoine (lugal solution)
describe methimazole or tapazole
antithyroid meds stop thyroid from making TH watch for hypothyroidism bleeding precautions may take up to 12 wks for effects
describe potassium iodine
aka lugal solution
antithyroid med
iodine compound (not like iodine in food)
allergies to shellfish
bleeding precautions
bitter taste, give with orange juice and STRAW
decrease size and vascularity of thyroid gland
why is potassium iodine given with straw
can stain teeth permanently
what pt should not be given a beta blocker
asthma
can cause heart attack
describe beta blockers in terms of hyperthyroid pt
"olol" esp propanolol help with heart symptoms decrease cardiac output also decrease anxiety stop epi and norepi production
