COPD Flashcards
1
Q
broadly describe COPD
A
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
- progressive disorder that gets worse
- risk is cigarette smoking
- either chronic bronchitis or emphysema
2
Q
path of COPD
A
progressive failure of lungs to be able to ventilate/perfuse
end stage is the same for both
3
Q
what does COPD lead to in both
A
- abnormal ventilation, perfusion ratio (V/Q)
- hypoxemia
- hypoventilation
- cor pulmonate (R heart failure)
4
Q
describe chronic bronchitis
A
- BLUE-bloater
- airway problem (air trapping)
- compromised airway, healthy alveoli but air does NOT reach them
- *V/Q Mismatch
- hypercapnea
5
Q
what is V/Q mismatch in chronic bronchitis
A
perfusion is fine but CANNOT ventilate
6
Q
describe emphysema
A
- PINK-puffer
- alveolar problem (alveolar hyperinflation)
- ineffective alveoli (bad air trapping, cant push air back out)
- V/Q Matched (perfusion AND ventilation are bad)
7
Q
what are the COPD stages
A
0-normalish
to
4-severe
8
Q
chronic bronchitis s/s
A
- airway flow problem
- recurrent cough/sputum
- hypoxia
- respiratory acidosis
- increased Hgb
- increased RR
- cardiac enlargement
- blue bloater
9
Q
emphysema s/s
A
- alveoli (diffusion) problem
- CO2 retention
- pursed lip breathing
- barrel chest (use muscles not normally used)
- prolonged expiatory time
- THIN (use energy all the time)
- pink puffer
- severe dyspnea at rest
- sit up and lean forward
10
Q
diagnose COPD
A
- chest x ray
- pulmonary function test (how well can you force air out of lungs?)
- ABG
11
Q
what s/s of hypoxemia (lack of oxygen)
A
restlessness or confusion
12
Q
assessment indications of COPD or resp problems
A
- pt with difficulty sleeping (need many pillow or sits up)
- wt loss d/t expenditure of energy to breathe (emphysema)
- ABGs show compensation
- dyspnea
- barrel chest
13
Q
diagnose chronic bronchitis
A
s/s and history
14
Q
diagnose emphysema
A
physical change in alveoli
15
Q
treatment goal of COPD
A
slow progression
smoking cessation
