Neuro 2 Flashcards
Which of the following is False about tick paralysis?
a. it is an ascending LMN Dz
b. Tick saliva contains neurotoxin
c. SIgns progress over a course of 2 months.
d. Tx by removing the blood sucking bastard
e. prognosis is fair if caught quickly
c. SIgns progress over a course of 2 months.
Its FAST, within 24 hrs
What are the manifestations of Rabies?
Prodromal
Furious (inf of limbic system)
Paralytic (inf of neocortex)
T/F. Rabies prevention includes vax of all livestock with Imrab 3-Merial.
Super False.
Which of the following is false about Listeriosis?
a. organism is Listeria monocytogenes
b. Small, gram +, non sporing diphtheritic roc bacT
c. Spread in feces of everybody
d. Very hardy in the environment
b. Small, gram +, non sporing diphtheritic roc bacT
Its gram -
T/F Listeriosis is zoonotic and is more common in goats than cattle.
Super false.
- More common in sheep than cattle.*
- SUPER ZOONOTIC*
Which serotypes cause encephalitic listeriosis?
Serotypes 1/2a and 4b
What are some sources of exposure for Listeriosis?
Silage pH <5.5 inhibits growth
Fecal contamination
chornic intramammary inf
poultry used as bedding
What is the pathogenesis for Listeriosis?
Environmental and nutrional stress
Requires wound entry
Erupting teeth
Rootlet trigeminal > intra-axonal migration > brainstem = havoc
The constant cel mvt evades phagocytosis, making it difficult to tx.
Which of these 8-way vax is the best for processing bull calves into steers?
The one that has everything.
Clostridium Type C and D + tetanus toxoid
1 month old beef calf preseents with facial paralysis attributed to unilateral CNV deficits. Eyes seem to have conjunctivitis, slight dysphagia and is becoming more recumbent than usual.
Whats your top DDx?
Listeriosis
What is the pH for Listerio to proliferate on decyaing organic matter?
Gross.
pH must be above 5 for proliferation.
How does Listeria enter the cytoplasm?
Hemolysin
listeriolysin O
Which of the following is False about Listeria?
a. gross lesions are absent or minimal
b. Turbid CSF
c. Hardened medulla oblongata
d. Autolyzed fetus
c. Hardened medulla oblongata
Softened
What is the transmission for Listeria?
Veneral transmission is possible
Humans contaminated via processed food (super ew)
How do you tx Listeria?
Supportive Tx: NSAID’s, fluids, vitamins, etc.
Penicillin 44,000 U/kg BID per day for 7 days, then reduce to 22,000U/kg for 14 days
OTC 10mg/kg BID per day
Tetracycline
Which of the following is False about antemortem dx of listeria?
a. Does not usually cause limb paralysis
b. Shows stress leukogram, and deH
c. CSF shows decreased protein and high mononuclear cells
c. CSF shows decreased protein and high mononuclear cells
Which of the following is true about postmortem dx of listeria?
a. it’s a definitive dx
b. can ID with 1 localized area of necrosis
c. lesions are most severe in front lobe and medulla
a. it’s a definitive dx
Which of the following is False about TEME?
a. organism repsonsible is H. somni
b. Gram +, non spore forming coccobacillus bacT
c. Causes pneumonia, arthritis, UTI, abortion, myocarditis…all the things CNS.
b. Gram +, non spore forming coccobacillus bacT
Which of the following is true about the pathogenesis of TEME?
a. Signs develop slowly, death within 3-4wks
b. It is an obligate anaerobe
c. Commensal bacT of URT and urogenital tract in many mammals
c. Commensal bacT of URT and urogenital tract in many mammals
Which of the following is true about TEME?
a. migrates through unprotected endothelial cells
b. Results in drastic influx of albumin and reduced transendothelial electrical resistance
c. Decreased paracellular permeability of vascular endothelial cells-neuro signs
d. death do to subsequent epithelial cell apoptosis
b. Results in drastic influx of albumin and reduced transendothelial electrical resistance
Which neuro sign below would be consistent with H. somnus sepsis?
a. excitement
b. seizures
c. somnolence
d. aggresion
c. somnolence
Farmer comes to you with his herd being affected by a mysterious bug. Cows are fine one day and the next he finds them dead. There a few showing signs of ataxia and weakness and closed to partially closed eyelids.
Whats your top DDx?
How do you Dx to confirm your suspicions?
TEME
CSF: cellular changes relfective of bacT inf and evidence of hemorrhage.
Confirm at necropsy
How do you treat the cows that are showing clinical signs of TEME?
Attempt early in Dz: Abx with gram - spectrumshould be tried
Down animals: euthanize. (a down animal is a dead animal especially with FA)
Can prevent with Vax!
Which of the following is False about Histophilus somni?
a. Focal myocarditis due to H. somni can be an appreciable source of death loss
b. Gross lesions are readily detected in affected hearts
c. Acute, subacute, and chronic fatal h. somni myocarditis can produce single deaths over time.
d. cardiac lesiosn are obious and does not require to be opened.
d. cardiac lesiosn are obious and does not require to be opened.
Which of the following is False about brain and Pituitary abcesses?
a. caused by truperella pyogenes
b. brain abcesses are common in cattle
c. lesiosn are asymmetric
d. Plenty of CNS signs
e. Tx is difficult and grave px
b. brain abcesses are common in cattle
RARE
How can a cow get a pituitary abcess?
Hematogenous origin: Rete mirabile, cavernous sinus
Dehorning complication
Head butting
Plenty of CNS signs: blindness, pupillary dysfx, nystagmus, dysphagia, facial paralysis, circling, head tilt
Which of the following is true about polioencephalomalacia?
a. Swelling and hardening of grey matter
b. Dysfx of Na-K atp pump
c. thiamine cofactor in neuronal actyl-CoA
d. rumen microbes needed for thiamine production
e. Ruminants rely on diet
b. Dysfx of Na-K atp pump
d. rumen microbes needed for thiamine production
Which of the following is False about Polio?
a. sulfer and sulfates metabolize to toxic sulfide ions
b. Grain diets promote HCO3 gas
c. Sulfer interferes with oxidative processes of mitochondria, leading to depletion of ATP
d. H2S likes brain because of high lipid content
e. Found in drinking water, ,olasses, forage, urine acidifiers, and mineral supplements and some plants.
b. Grain diets promote HCO3 gas
Which of the following Polio signs are False?
a. CNS signs develop slowly
b. Leads to recumbency and opisthotonus, eventually death
c. Affects all ages, most common in growing animals.
a. CNS signs develop slowly
RAPIDLY
What are the main CS for polio?
Central blindness
Dorsomedial strabismus
Opisthotonus
Convulsions
How do you Dx polio?
Mostly based on CS and response to Tx
can test food/water for H2S
<1000 ppm in water, >4000ppm in diet, >10000ppm in rumen gas indicates toxic levels
How do you tx Polio?
Thiamine 10mg/kg q 6hr IV or IM until improvement, then q 12 hrs for 48 hrs.
Increase forage add glucogenic precursors.
Which of the following is true about Nervous Ketosis?
a. multifactorial respiratory derangement
b. Frequently seen with anorexia and drop in milk production
c. More common than previously thought.
b. Frequently seen with anorexia and drop in milk production
How can you tx nervous ketosis?
IV glucose 500ml of 50% dextrose once
Oral propylene glycol (2 formulations)
propylene glycol is absorbed from the rumen intact and metabolized to glucose in liver
