Bovine Guts/intestines Flashcards by Katerina Kuscevic

Which of the following is incorrect about the lower digestine tract (small and large intestines)?

a. SI contains microbes, proteins, undigested fibers, sugars, and also material that was not absorbed by the abomasum.
b. It is the longest section of GIT, where most things are digested and absorbed.
c. Duodenum is the first section that mixes chyme and digestive fluids from GB and pancreas.
d. Jejunum is a short coiled middle section where chyme breakdown takes place.
e. Ileum is the site of Vit b absorption, also bile salts and products not absorbed by jejunum.

d. Jejunum is a short coiled middle section where chyme breakdown takes place.

Jejunum is a LONG coild middle section

sorry for the dick moves….still more to come.

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What does the large intestine absorb?

Water, chyme, mucus, bact all to make a big pile of poooop.

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T/F: the cecum is a blind gut which is the site of fiber digestion

True

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What does the colon do?

extracts water and salt from waster before excretion.

no major role in nutrient absorption

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chyme

The partially digested mass of food from the stomach

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What does the rectum do?

its the pooper!

terminal portion of LI, stores solid waste!!!

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Anus!

know you know im bored.

opeing for undigested food to be excreted

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Which of the following is incorrect about the pancreas?

a. Exocrine gland that excretes through ducts to internal environment
b. Endocrine gland that has no ducts and releases hormones into interstitial spaces
c. produces enxymes to help breakdown fats, proteins, and acids in duodenum.
d. Produce hormones to help regulate blood insulin and glucagon

a. Exocrine gland that excretes through ducts to internal environment

Its external environment

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what is bile?

a thick-greenish yellow digestive fluid, aids in the digestion fats.

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Which of the following is false about the liver?

a. largest gland in the body
b. stores vit., Fe, glycogen, bile
c. Detox chem, pollutants, poisons
d. Connected to cecum, except in horses

d. Connected to cecum, except in horses

Connected to GB

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What is the colon made up of?

Ascending colon

transverse colon

descending colon

sigmoid colon

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What are the 2 forms of simple acute indigestion?

Rumen indigestion (most common organ affect)
Small intestine (gas in intestinal bowel -> colic)

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Which of the following is false about small intestine indigestion?

a. usually isolated cases.
b. occurs during the first stage of lactation
c. most common cause of true colic in cows

b. occurs during the first stage of lactation

Occurs in any stage of lactation, however post partum cows have higher risk

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How do you dx small intestine indigestion?

Rumen fluid analysis

Rule out other dz

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What are some CS of indigestion?

Colic

Discomfort

kicking at belly

restlessness

bellowing

violent behavior

dancing

Rumen stasis/hypoactivity (typical but some will have increased but weak rumen contractions)

normothermic, tachycardia, tachypnic

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Colic =

Small intestinal indigestion X mechanical small bowel obstruction

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Which of the following is incorrect about cow colic?

a. extremely distended loops
b. fibrin/crepitus on rectal palp
c. Hypercalcemia and hyperchloremia are common
d. Bloody stool
e. deterioration in CV signs

c. Hypercalcemia and hyperchloremia are common

Hypocalcemia and hypochloremia are common

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Which of the following is incorrect about treating small intestine indigestion/ cow colic?

a. Need to reestablish normal Gi motility and flora
b. need to evacuate GIT to eliminate the causative agent
c. Avoid escessive acidifying products
d. Somtimes can be self-limiting
e. can use mineral oil PO
f. Flunixin meglumine if in high discomfort

c. Avoid escessive acidifying products

Avoid excessive alkalanizing products

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Which of the following is not true about Listeriosis?

a. It is a gram positive bact that shows neuro symptoms
b. The most reocgnized form is encephalitis or meningoencephalitis
c. Corn silage has an increaed ph >9 and facors bact growth
d. Once in the brainstem there is inflammation of vagal nucleus that regulates mastication and regugitation.

c. Corn silage has an increaed ph >9 and facors bact growth

Should be >5

also the cranial nerves affected from the nucleus is V, IX, X, and XII

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T/F: can also have rumen stasis and vomination as well as severe dysphagia with listeriosis.

True

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T/F: Obstructive dz of the small intestine is very common and occurs regularly enough to cause major problems economically.

SUPER FALSE.

Not common as forestomach and abomasal disorders.

Happens enough that we can learn from them.

What are some causes of obstructive dx of the small intestine?

These causes are seldomly obvious:

volvulus

torsion

intussusception (more in calves)

obstruction

Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome

Which of the following is not correct about obstructive dz of small intestine?

a. it is an acute onset of anorexia and GI stasis
b. Abdominal distention in the right ventral quadrant
c. can have absence of manure production
d. can have fluid distended bowel
e. metabolic acidosis in duodenum

e. metabolic acidosis in duodenum

metabolic alkalosis in duodenum

T/F: progressive deterioration decreases hydration, mentation, and heart rate

False

Increased hydration, attitude, heart rate

When does intussusception occur?

colic in first 12-24 hours then will se anorexia, no manure, deH, and abdominal distention ## Footnote *calves don't show signs of colic in viral, bact, or parasitic infections. except with C. perfringens enteritis.*

How would you Dx Obstructive disease of the small intestine?

Hx CS rectal palp US

What is the DDx for obstructive disease of the small intestine?

**Simple indigestion with gas and fluids** **acute pylonphritis and other painful UTI** **Cecal distention** **Uterine torsion** **Hematomas of Mesentery**

What is the possible tx for obstructive dz of the small intestine?

Sx tx or salvage slaughter... ## Footnote *Anastamosis and in general sx have poor prognosis*

Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome is also known as....

Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome

Relatively common in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_cattle. It is related to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_copper and or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_type A or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

**dairy** **low** **C. perfringens** **Aspergillus fumigatus**

How do you treat hemorrhagic bowel syndrome?

Sx if dx early, but has poor prognosis. Otherwise PM dx due to sudden death

Which of the following is incorrect about Fat Necrosis? a. It is hardening of mesentery and omentum causing partial/full extracellular intestinal obstruction. b. Common to see fatty liver and chronic ketotic dairy cows and in Beef cattle in fescue pasture (winter grass) c. Dx by US and Rads d. Tx by resection of affected areas even if it has poor prognosis.

c. Dx by US and Rads ## Footnote **Dx by rectal palpation and US**

What are some causes/theories for cecum and colon dilation and volvulus?

Modern dairy diet fermentable feedstuffs hypocalcemia endotoxemia indigestion

What is the pathway for cecumand colon dilation and volvulus?

Cecum dilation severe dilation cecum apex migrates to pelvic inlet further distension leads to rotation and torsion (clockwise)

Which of the following is not a CS of cecum and colonic dilation and volvulus? a. inappetance b. increased manure production c. abdominal distension d. reduced milk production e. normal TPR

b. increased manure production **Reduced manure production**

What is not a remarkable CS for cecum and colonic dilation and volvulus? a. mild/moderate colic with rumen fx affected b. hypocalcemia with intestinal motility reduced c. Water retention due to twisted cecum/colon d. Serum chloride

c. Water retention due to twisted cecum/colon **deH** **Serum chloride not huge changes like with DA**

HOw do you dx cecum and colonic dilation and volvulus?

Cs **ASCULTATION AND BALLOTTMENT** Ping right flank (dorsal caudal more evident) X DDx = RDA Serum chloride **MUST RECTALLY PALPATE TO ID CECUM**

Which of the following is not an appropriate form of tx for cecum and colonic dilation and volvulus? a. Medically give laxative and ruminotorics daily with warm water b. Give Ca solutions as needed c. Sx if you see increase manure production, or increaed appetite d. Sx anastamose the affected area, usually has good prognosis e. A and B f. C and D

f. C and D ## Footnote **Its all backwards.** **Sx for little to no manure production** **why would i anastamose anything, it was a bad idea before and its a bad idea now**

Which of the following is incorrect about colonic obstructions? a. sporadic in cattle b. caused by regional inflammation c. CS include large amts of manure, and low milk production d. Tx includes corticosteroids and sx e. poor prognosis

c. CS include large amts of manure, and low milk production d. Tx includes corticosteroids and sx Both are incorrect i know i know dick moves everywhere **Cs is low amount of manure** **Tx is Abx and sx is difficult**

Atresia coli is ___________ and __________ especially in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

**Sporadic** **Congenital** **Holstein**

What are some CS of Atresia coli?

Abd distension tachycardia no manure anal sphincter and rectum are NORMAL Normal appearence They are drinking colostrum

You are a farmer and you suspect your calf may have atresia coli. What you looking for in the first 24-73h of life?

going off feed abdominal distension deH +/- colic Deteriorate (**SEVERELY SICK by 5-7 days old)**

How do you dx atresia coli?

US IgG because even with colostrum can see low to no absoprtion. **50% chance + outcome.**

How do you sx tx atresia coli?

**surgically bypass the anastamose** **Anatomic confusion** **Relative large diameter section of proximal colon to the small diameter descending colon.**

Which of the following is incorrect about atresia ani? a. Occurs more often in piglets than cattle b. Cs are seen right after birth c. Rectal pull through technique is not a recommended form of tx d. One of the main CS is not seeing them pass manure and seeing a rectal lumen bulges SQ where anus should be.

c. Rectal pull through technique is not a recommended form of tx ## Footnote **Freaking do this! way better outcome!!!**

Which of the following is incorret about Pneumoperitoneum? a. The free gas stuck in the peritoneal cavity is released once cut through peritoneum during celiotomy b. Occurs after exploratory laparotomy c. Rectal palpation is fairly easy d. Abomasal perforation is more often related to pneumoperitoneum.

c. Rectal palpation is fairly easy **Rectal palp is difficult.** **DX: PE, rectal palp, DDX of other dz by causing ping (especially if its bilateral in a situation like this)**

How would you treat Pneumoperitoneum?

Nothing if mild case Suction via needle in the right flank (be careful) Fis perforated organ if possible Abx +/-

Which of the following is incorrect about Peritonitis? a. INfectino of peritnoeum has terrible absoprtion so you have to be careful b. Can cause a whole bunch dz such as hardware, DA, abomasal ulcers, uterine perforation (dystocia) c. Can be dx at necropsy as a cause of death d. Can be dz with PE, rectal palp, US

a. INfectino of peritnoeum has terrible absoprtion so you have to be careful ## Footnote **Has excellent absorption**

How can you treat peritonitis?

Heavy Abx therapy broad specturm, PPG high [] ## Footnote **flunixin meglumine** **Supportive therapy (fluids IV and oral)** **Try to solve the cause of the leak/contamination**