Neuro Flashcards
Broca’s Area
Frontal lobe, expressive aphasia
Wernicke’s Area
Temporal lobe, receptive aphasia
Normal CPP
> 60
Decorticate Posture
Abnormal flexion
Decerebrate Posture
Abnormal Extension
Battle sign
Bruising of mastoid area(behind ears) indicative of basal skull fx to middle fossa
ALS
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
Upper and lower motor neuron defeneration
No demyelination in this
Normal protein amount for negative LP
Low
High protein in LP is positive finding…meningitis, SAH etc
Epidural Hematoma
- Usually arterial
- Caused often by linear fx of temporal bone
- Unconsciousness, alert then rapid deterioration r/t uncal herniation
FLACC Scale
Pediatric pain assessment
Face, legs, activity, cry, consolability
Highest risk of SAH having sudden HTN
Rebleeding
Increased ICP treatments
Drain CSF
Hyperventilate to cause cerebral vasoconstriction
Mannitol
Myasthenia Gravis
Autoimmune disorder where IgG antibodies are produced against acetylcholine receptors causing interference of neuromuscular transmission at the neuromuscular junction
muscle weakness and fatigue
Raccoon Eyes
Ecchymosis/bruising and sweeping of both eyes caused by basal skull tx of anterior fossa
Cerebellum
Balance and coordination
Cerebrum
Upper levels of function including interrogation of thought and control of voluntary functions
Normal glucose amount CSF
60% serum
B waves ICP
20-50 occurring q30sec-2min
A wave ICP
50-100 lasting >2min
Gag and swallow cranial nerves
IX and X
Monro Kellie Hypothesis
If one intracranial content goes up the other two will go down to prevent increase in ICP
Scalp laceration and depression skull fx
Big infx risk and need emergency surgery d/t potential for bone fragments to get into brain as well
Position pt with affected side up
Signs/causes of uncal herniation
Cause can any type of brain bleed but epidural is often mentioned
First sign is Pupil changes from pressure on cranial nerve III
Last sign is respiratoy cessation
Signs of central herniation
Pressure on RAS causes decrease in LOC
last change is resp cessation
Cranial nerves important for eating
V trigeminal
VII facial
IX glossopharyngal(swallow)
X vagus(gag)
XII Hypoglossal tongue
Kernig sign and brudzinski
Meningitis
Kernig-resistance to extension of leg while hip flexed
Brudzinski- flexion of hip and knees when flexing neck
Contraindications fibrinolytic therapy
Seizures(indicate possible hemorrhagic stroke)
Many others
HOB post infratentorial craniotomy
0 deg
Weight puts pressure on brain stem
