Neuro Flashcards
most common tumour to haemorrhage
Glioblastoma
Most common Extra axial tumour
Meningioma
Most common intra axial tumour
Glioma
Communiciating hydrocephalus is caused by
Leptomeningeal mets
Describe some classic tumour mimics
abscess
subacute infarcts
tumefactive demyelination
aneurysm
degenerative cystic lesions
a single lesion on its own could be….
primary or if over 50 years old think solitary met
Mutliple lesions in brain think
mets but could be a primary eg muti glioblastoma
How to know if a mass is intra or extra axial
Extra axial
- cleft of CST
- grey matter seperating the mass from white matter.
CPA tumour
schwannoma
meningioma
epidermoid cyst
Pineal tregion
germ cell
pineal parenchymal tumours
Butterfly lesion
glioblastoma (GBM)
lymphoma
Corticol based lesion
PXA
DNET
Oligodendroglioma
ganglioma
Central skull base
chordona
chondrosarcoma
suprasellar
adults vs paeds
adult
- pituitary adenoma
paeds
- craniopharyngioma
Post fossa
adults vs paeds
aduylts
- haemangioblastoma
paeds
- pilocytic astrocytoma
meulloblastoma
ependymoma
intraventricular
adults vs paeds
adult
- meningioma
paeds
- choroid plexus papilloma
Monra
adult vs paeds
adult
- colloid cyst
paeds
- suependymal giant cell astrocytoma
if the lesion is T1 bright what does that result in
there is
fat, haemorrhage, melanin or protein present
if T2 dark, means
high cellularity, haemorrhage, calc, protein
if the lesion contrast enhances then
extra axial
Types of tumour with fat in it
lipoma
dermoid cyst
teratoma
extra axial lesion with calc….
meningioma / craniopharyngioma
intra axial lesion with calc…
astrocytoma / Oligodendroglioma
most haemorrhagic tumours are malignant except for
pituitary macroadenoma
hypercellularity tumours will have what on MRI
restrict and low T2
examples of high cellularity tumours
lymphoma
medulloblastoma
germinoma
some gliomas
Cystic tumour in the supratentorial with a mural nodule
ganglioglioma
PXA
cystic tumour in the intratentorial with an enhancing nodule
Pilocystic atrocytoma
haemangioblastoma
Cystic lesion in the sellar region
pituitary adneoma
craniopharyngioma
Rathke cleft cyst
what are the types of glial cells
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells
Choroid plexus cells
if glioblastoma is in 3 lobes called
Gliamatosis cerebri
features of Oligodendroglioma
poorly circumscribed
T2 brigh
calc
expansive
frontal temporal
Where is oligodendroglioma found
supratentorial
frontal temporal lobes
List some supratentorial cortical tumours
note these are rare
P DOG MD
PXA
DNET
Oligodendrogliomas
Gangliogliomas
MVNT
DIA/DIG
feature of PXA
pial tail
DNET is
bubbly
Posterior fossa intra axial tumour
the mnemonic is
BEAM in kids
Brainstem glioma
Ependymoma
Astrocytoma
medullblastoma
Adults
mets
Haemagnioblastoma
Of BEAM which is expansive mass, solid
Diffuse midline glioma
JPA in optic think
NF1
Toothpaste lesion
Ependymoma
Subependymoma affect
middle to older age
Subependyomoma found in
walls of the ventricles
Features of medulloblastoma
hyperattneuating on plain scan
effaces the 4th ventricle
most common paeds tumour
medulloblastoma
Turcot
Li Fraumani
Gorlic
ax with
medullblastoma
mri medulloblastoma
low T2
low adc
most common cause of drop mets
medulloblastoma
what are the causes of spontaenous intracerebral haemorrhage
supratentorial brian is split into which two areas for intracranial haemorrhage
lobar
deep.
Classic CT mimics of ICH
basal ganglia clacification
hyperdesne cysts
subacute blood is isointense to brain parenchyma.
How does MRI distinguish calcium and haemorrhage
SWI - both low.
Opposite signal on filtered phase map.
(if haemorrhage look to same intenstiy as sinus or choroid plexus for calcifiatinon)
blood- paragmagnetic.
calc - diamagnetic.
Primary ICH in deep brain due to
hypertensive
age
risk factors -
types of small vessel disaese causing lobar haemorrhage
cerebral amyloid angiopathy
arteriosclerosis
why differentiate between CAA and arteriosclerosis
post stroke dementia and risk of repaet bleed in CAA
how to categorise CAA
Modified Boston criteria
Probable CAA is considreed as
> 55 years
multiple lobar haemorrhagic foci
Absence of other causes
Possibel CAA
> 55 years
single lobar haemorrhagic foic
asbence of other causes
subarachnoid and finger like haemorrhage projections should make you think
amyloid angiopathy
examples of secondary cuases of ICH
avm
dural AVF
aneurysm
Venous sinus thrombosis
Tumour
Secondary ICH - location
posterior fossa most common
finger like haemorrhages ddx
venous sinus thrombosis
amyloid angiopathy
ICH scsore - which bits are from imaging
SUpra vs Infratentorial
Volume (30ml).
What are the predictors of ICH growth?
Anticoagualtion
Early scanning
ICH volume
ICH what to report
Epicentre
volume
intraventricular? hydrocephalus?
small vessel disease
CTA spot sign
