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Ellie-NUR 265 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

what does the midbrain control

A

vision
hearing
motor
awake cycles
alertness

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2
Q

what does the pons control

A

sleep
respiration

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3
Q

what does the medulla do

A

transmit signals btwn spinal cord and brian

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4
Q

what does the hypothalamus do

A

maintains balance
regulates temp
sex drive
hr and bp

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5
Q

what does the basal ganglia control

A

movement

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6
Q

what does the thalamus do

A

receives impulses and sends them
regulates arousal
emotion and creativity

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7
Q

what does the cerebellum control

A

coordination
equilibrium (balance)

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8
Q

what are the sensory pathways (ascending) doing

A

getting signals

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9
Q

what are the motor pathways (descending) doing

A

sending signals back down

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10
Q

what is cranial nerve 1

A

olfactory

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11
Q

what test is used for olfactory nerve

A

smell

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12
Q

what is cranial nerve 2

A

optic

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13
Q

what tests are used for optic nerve

A

testing visual acuity
peripheral vision
Snellen’s chart

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14
Q

what is cranial nerve 3

A

oculomotor

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15
Q

what tests are used for oculomotor nerve

A

Testing pupil accommodation and reaction to light (direct and consensual)
Extraocular eye movement (mvmt except lateral and down)

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16
Q

what is cranial nerve 4

A

trochlear

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17
Q

what test is used for trochlear nerve

A

eye mvmt down and in

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18
Q

what is cranial nerve 5

A

trigeminal

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19
Q

what tests are done for trigeminal nerve

A

light touch w/ cotton
move jaw

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20
Q

what is cranial nerve 6

A

abducens

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21
Q

what test is done for abducens nerve

A

eye mvmt lateral

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22
Q

what is cranial nerve 7

A

facial

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23
Q

what tests are done for facial nerve

A

symmetry puff
smile and frown
raise eyebrows

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24
Q

what is cranial nerve 8

A

acoustic

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25
Q

what test is done for acoustic nerve

A

whisper test

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26
Q

what is cranial nerve 9

A

glossopharyngeal

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27
Q

what tests are done for glossopharyngeal nerve

A

ahh
posterior 1/3 tongue

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28
Q

what is cranial nerve 10

A

vagus

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29
Q

what tests are done for vagus nerve

A

ahh
gag

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30
Q

what is cranial nerve 11

A

spinal accessory

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31
Q

what tests are done for spinal accessory nerve

A

shrug shoulders
turn head
(should be intact, 5/5 strength)

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32
Q

what is cranial nerve 12

A

hypoglossal

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33
Q

what test is done for hypoglossal nerve

A

move tongue
pronounce letters L, D, N, T

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34
Q

what is anosmia

A

loss of sense of smell

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35
Q

which cranial nerves are just sensory

A

1, 2, and 8

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36
Q

which cranial nerves are just motor

A

3, 4, 6, 11, and 12

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37
Q

which cranial nerves are both sensory and motor

A

5, 7, 9, and 10

38
Q

how many cervical spinal nerves are there

A

8

39
Q

how many thoracic spinal nerves are there

A

12

40
Q

how many lumbar spinal nerves are there

A

5

41
Q

how many sacral spinal nerves are there

A

5

42
Q

how many coccygeal spinal nerves are there

A

1

43
Q

what is a dermatome

A

an area of skin in which sensory nerves derive from a single spinal nerve root

44
Q

what dermatome are c6, 7, 8 spinal roots

A

thumb, middle finger, 5th finger

45
Q

what dermatome is T1 spinal root

A

axilla

46
Q

what dermatome is T4 spinal root

A

nipple

47
Q

what dermatome is T10 spinal root

A

umbillicus

48
Q

what dermatome is L1 spinal root

A

groin

49
Q

what dermatome is L4 spinal root

A

knee

50
Q

what are the 2 superficial sensations

A

pain
light touch

51
Q

what are the 2 deep sensations

A

vibratory sense
kinesthetics

52
Q

what pt would not feel vibratory sense

A

a pt w/ peripheral neuropathy

53
Q

what is kinesthetics

A

position sense (where did I move it)

54
Q

what are the 3 discriminatory sensations

A

stereognosis
graphesthesia
point localization

55
Q

what is stereognosis

A

recognition of familiar object by touch

56
Q

what is graphesthesia

A

identify number or letter traced in the hand

57
Q

what is point localization

A

ability to sense and locate area being stimulated

58
Q

what scale is used for deep tendon reflexes

A

0-4

59
Q

what is 0 for DTR

A

no response detected

60
Q

what is 1 for DTR

A

response present but diminished

61
Q

what is 2 for DTR

A

response normal

62
Q

what is 3 for DTR

A

response is somewhat stronger than normal

63
Q

what is 4 for DTR

A

response hyperactive w/ clonus (presence of rhythmic contractions)

64
Q

how do you find a bicep DTR

A

have pt relax arm
rest pt elbow in non dominant hand w/ thumb over bicep tendon
strike fingernail

65
Q

what happens with bicep DTR

A

contraction w/ flexion of forearm

66
Q

what happens w/ tricep DTR

A

contraction of triceps w/ extension at elbow

67
Q

how do you find a tricep DTR

A

abduct pt arm and flex at elbow
support it w/ non dominant hand
strike tendon ab 1-2 in above olecranon process approaching directly from behind

68
Q

what happens w/ brachioradialis DTR

A

flexion at elbow and supination of forearm
may flex fingers

69
Q

how do you find brachioradialis DTR

A

rest pt arm on his/her leg and find brachioradialis tendon 3-5 cm above wrist
strike it w/ hammer

70
Q

what happens w/ patellar DTR

A

contraction of quadriceps w/ extension of knee

71
Q

how do you find a patellar DTR

A

pt sits w/ legs dangling
strike tendon directly below patella

72
Q

what happens w/ Achilles DTR

A

plantarflexion of foot

73
Q

how do you find Achilles DTR

A

pt lay supine or sit w/ 1 knee flexed
hold foot slightly dorsiflexed
strike Achilles tendon

74
Q

what does a positive babinski test look like

A

toes fan (good in infants, bad in adults)

75
Q

what does a negative babinski test look like

A

no response or flexion of the toes

76
Q

how do you elicit sucking reflex

A

stimulate lips

77
Q

how do you elicit rooting reflex

A

stimulate cheek

78
Q

how do you elicit palmar grasp reflex

A

put fingers out

79
Q

how do you elicit plantar reflex

A

press thumb at ball of foot (toes should curl down)

80
Q

how do you elicit moro reflex

A

startle

81
Q

how do you elicit tonic neck reflex

A

place supine (they should turn their neck side to side)

82
Q

how do you elicit stepping reflex

A

hold newborn upright (marching in place)

83
Q

how do you elicit babinski reflex

A

use back or reflex hammer and move across bottom of foot

84
Q

what is cephalocaudal development

A

direction of development from top (head) down to bottom (toes)
gain control of head then arms, torso and finally legs
head is larger relative to rest of body, lower parts of body must do more growing to reach adult size

85
Q

what are the stroke warning signs

A

sudden numbness/weakness of face, arm or leg, especially unilateral
sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
sudden trouble seeing in 1 or both eyes
sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
sudden severe headache w/ no known cause

86
Q

on the glascow coma scale, what number is considered to be a coma

A

8 or below

87
Q

what is somnolent

A

abnormally drowsy

88
Q

what is lethargic

A

not fully alert, drifts off to sleep

89
Q

what is obtunded

A

sleeps most of the time, difficult to arouse

90
Q

what is stupor

A

semi-coma-unconscious
only responds to vigorous shake or pain

91
Q

what is the difference btwn dementia and delirium,

A

dementia- progressive
delirium- develops over short period of time
-has a reason
-reversible
-can be cause by UTIs or medications

92
Q

how do you talk to a pt w/ delirium

A

try to orient them
use simple communicaiton
use calm tone

Ellie-NUR 265 (10 decks)

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