Neuro Flashcards by Ellie Kready

what does the midbrain control

vision
hearing
motor
awake cycles
alertness

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what does the pons control

sleep
respiration

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what does the medulla do

transmit signals btwn spinal cord and brian

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what does the hypothalamus do

maintains balance
regulates temp
sex drive
hr and bp

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what does the basal ganglia control

movement

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what does the thalamus do

receives impulses and sends them
regulates arousal
emotion and creativity

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what does the cerebellum control

coordination
equilibrium (balance)

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what are the sensory pathways (ascending) doing

getting signals

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what are the motor pathways (descending) doing

sending signals back down

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what is cranial nerve 1

olfactory

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what test is used for olfactory nerve

smell

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what is cranial nerve 2

optic

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what tests are used for optic nerve

testing visual acuity
peripheral vision
Snellen’s chart

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what is cranial nerve 3

oculomotor

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what tests are used for oculomotor nerve

Testing pupil accommodation and reaction to light (direct and consensual)
Extraocular eye movement (mvmt except lateral and down)

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what is cranial nerve 4

trochlear

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what test is used for trochlear nerve

eye mvmt down and in

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what is cranial nerve 5

trigeminal

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what tests are done for trigeminal nerve

light touch w/ cotton
move jaw

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what is cranial nerve 6

abducens

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what test is done for abducens nerve

eye mvmt lateral

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what is cranial nerve 7

facial

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what tests are done for facial nerve

symmetry puff
smile and frown
raise eyebrows

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what is cranial nerve 8

acoustic

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what test is done for acoustic nerve

whisper test

what is cranial nerve 9

glossopharyngeal

what tests are done for glossopharyngeal nerve

ahh posterior 1/3 tongue

what is cranial nerve 10

vagus

what tests are done for vagus nerve

ahh gag

what is cranial nerve 11

spinal accessory

what tests are done for spinal accessory nerve

shrug shoulders turn head (should be intact, 5/5 strength)

what is cranial nerve 12

hypoglossal

what test is done for hypoglossal nerve

move tongue pronounce letters L, D, N, T

what is anosmia

loss of sense of smell

which cranial nerves are just sensory

1, 2, and 8

which cranial nerves are just motor

3, 4, 6, 11, and 12

which cranial nerves are both sensory and motor

5, 7, 9, and 10

how many cervical spinal nerves are there

how many thoracic spinal nerves are there

how many lumbar spinal nerves are there

how many sacral spinal nerves are there

how many coccygeal spinal nerves are there

what is a dermatome

an area of skin in which sensory nerves derive from a single spinal nerve root

what dermatome are c6, 7, 8 spinal roots

thumb, middle finger, 5th finger

what dermatome is T1 spinal root

axilla

what dermatome is T4 spinal root

nipple

what dermatome is T10 spinal root

umbillicus

what dermatome is L1 spinal root

groin

what dermatome is L4 spinal root

knee

what are the 2 superficial sensations

pain light touch

what are the 2 deep sensations

vibratory sense kinesthetics

what pt would not feel vibratory sense

a pt w/ peripheral neuropathy

what is kinesthetics

position sense (where did I move it)

what are the 3 discriminatory sensations

stereognosis graphesthesia point localization

what is stereognosis

recognition of familiar object by touch

what is graphesthesia

identify number or letter traced in the hand

what is point localization

ability to sense and locate area being stimulated

what scale is used for deep tendon reflexes

0-4

what is 0 for DTR

no response detected

what is 1 for DTR

response present but diminished

what is 2 for DTR

response normal

what is 3 for DTR

response is somewhat stronger than normal

what is 4 for DTR

response hyperactive w/ clonus (presence of rhythmic contractions)

how do you find a bicep DTR

have pt relax arm rest pt elbow in non dominant hand w/ thumb over bicep tendon strike fingernail

what happens with bicep DTR

contraction w/ flexion of forearm

what happens w/ tricep DTR

contraction of triceps w/ extension at elbow

how do you find a tricep DTR

abduct pt arm and flex at elbow support it w/ non dominant hand strike tendon ab 1-2 in above olecranon process approaching directly from behind

what happens w/ brachioradialis DTR

flexion at elbow and supination of forearm may flex fingers

how do you find brachioradialis DTR

rest pt arm on his/her leg and find brachioradialis tendon 3-5 cm above wrist strike it w/ hammer

what happens w/ patellar DTR

contraction of quadriceps w/ extension of knee

how do you find a patellar DTR

pt sits w/ legs dangling strike tendon directly below patella

what happens w/ Achilles DTR

plantarflexion of foot

how do you find Achilles DTR

pt lay supine or sit w/ 1 knee flexed hold foot slightly dorsiflexed strike Achilles tendon

what does a positive babinski test look like

toes fan (good in infants, bad in adults)

what does a negative babinski test look like

no response or flexion of the toes

how do you elicit sucking reflex

stimulate lips

how do you elicit rooting reflex

stimulate cheek

how do you elicit palmar grasp reflex

put fingers out

how do you elicit plantar reflex

press thumb at ball of foot (toes should curl down)

how do you elicit moro reflex

startle

how do you elicit tonic neck reflex

place supine (they should turn their neck side to side)

how do you elicit stepping reflex

hold newborn upright (marching in place)

how do you elicit babinski reflex

use back or reflex hammer and move across bottom of foot

what is cephalocaudal development

direction of development from top (head) down to bottom (toes) gain control of head then arms, torso and finally legs head is larger relative to rest of body, lower parts of body must do more growing to reach adult size

what are the stroke warning signs

sudden numbness/weakness of face, arm or leg, especially unilateral sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding sudden trouble seeing in 1 or both eyes sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination sudden severe headache w/ no known cause

on the glascow coma scale, what number is considered to be a coma

8 or below

what is somnolent

abnormally drowsy

what is lethargic

not fully alert, drifts off to sleep

what is obtunded

sleeps most of the time, difficult to arouse

what is stupor

semi-coma-unconscious only responds to vigorous shake or pain

what is the difference btwn dementia and delirium,

dementia- progressive delirium- develops over short period of time -has a reason -reversible -can be cause by UTIs or medications

how do you talk to a pt w/ delirium

try to orient them use simple communicaiton use calm tone