Heart and Vessels

Question 1

diastole is when the heart is…

Answer 1

resting

Question 2

systole is when the heart is…

Answer 2

working

Question 3

what is the order of blood flow through the cardiac valves

Answer 3

tricupsid, pulmonic, mitral, aorta

Question 4

what is happening during s1

Answer 4

closing of mitral and tricuspid valves (lub)

Question 5

what is happening during s2

Answer 5

closing of pulmonic and aortic valves (dub)

Question 6

why would an s3 sound occur

Answer 6

volume overload problem, pregnancy, children and adolescents, heart failure, and problems with mitral or tricuspid valve

Question 7

why would an s4 sound occur

Answer 7

stiff ventricles problem, normal in athletes

Question 8

murmur heard in systole indicates

Answer 8

aortic stenosis
pulmonic stenosis
mitral regurgitation
tricuspid regurgitation

Question 9

murmur heard in diastole indicates

Answer 9

aortic regurgitation
pulmonic regurgitation
mitral stenosis
tricuspid stenosis

Question 10

what is angina

Answer 10

chest pain

Question 11

what is dyspnea

Answer 11

shortness of breath

Question 12

what is nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 12

SOB while sleeping

Question 13

what is orthopnea

Answer 13

SOB when lying flat

Question 14

what is nocturia

Answer 14

getting up to urinate at night

Question 15

list some risk factors

Answer 15

hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes

Question 16

what does blowing or swishing of the carotid indicate

Answer 16

bruit

Question 17

anatomic change of heart that happens during pregnancy

Answer 17

pushed upward and forward and to the left, PMI 4th IC space, MC line

Question 18

What is the blood volume, cardiac output, and HR increase in pregnant women

Answer 18

30-50% blood volume
HR increase of 10-20 bpm
increase of cardiac output by 30-50%

Question 19

does bp increase or decrease during pregnancy and why

Answer 19

decreases bc of peripheral vasodilation

Question 20

what is considered bradycardia in newborns

Answer 20

<90 bpm

Question 21

what is considered bradycardia in children

Answer 21

<60 bpm

Question 22

what is tachypnea

Answer 22

breathing fast

Question 23

list the risk factors for coronary artery disease

Answer 23

diabetes
hyperlipidemia
obesity
age
gender
lifestyle

Question 24

why is diabetes a risk factor for CAD

Answer 24

it destroys vessels

Question 25

why is hyperlipidemia a risk factor for CAD

Answer 25

LDL cholesterol builds up and blood can't flow through vessels as easy

Question 26

why is obesity a risk factor for CAD

Answer 26

puts strain on heart

Question 27

why is age a risk factor for CAD

Answer 27

35-64 year olds have an increased risk for CAD

Question 28

why is gender a risk factor for CAD

Answer 28

males are more likely to get CAD until women go through menopause (becomes equally as likely)

Question 29

what lifestyle factors are a risk factor for CAD

Answer 29

sedentary lifestyle diet (saturated fat) smoking

Question 30

symptoms of MI in women

Answer 30

Fatigue Sleep Disturbance Shortness of breath Indigestion, nausea Radiating, aching pain Flushed

Question 31

prevention techniques for MI's

Answer 31

Behavior modification (stress reduction techniques) Smoking cessation Better diet Weight reduction

Question 32

what are the cardiac changes in elderly

Answer 32

Gradual increase in systolic BP Arteriosclerosis Left ventricular wall thickens Increased incidence of dysrhythmias EKG changes Orthostatic hypotension

Question 33

what is arteriosclerosis

Answer 33

hardening of the arteries (lose elasticity)

Question 34

what is a dysrhythmia

Answer 34

abnormal heart rhythm

Question 35

what is orthostatic hypotension

Answer 35

low bp from sitting to standing. BP changes when you change position (lying, sitting up, standing)

Question 36

what is happening when someone has right sided heart failure

Answer 36

right chamber lost ability to pump

Question 37

list the symptoms of right sided heart failure

Answer 37

fatigue increased peripheral venous pressure ascites enlarged liver and spleen may be secondary to chronic pulmonary problems distended jugular veins anorexia and complaints of GI distress weight gain dependent edema

Question 38

what is ascites

Answer 38

extra fluid in the abdomen

Question 39

why is anorexia and complaints of GI distress a symptom of right sided heart failure

Answer 39

organs are enlarged and extra fluid is present

Question 40

the right side of the heart receives blood from..

Answer 40

the body

Question 41

what is dependent edema

Answer 41

edema caused my gravity

Question 42

list the symptoms of left sided heart failure

Answer 42

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure pulmonary congestion restlessness confusion orthopnea tachycardia exertional dyspnea fatigue cyanosis

Question 43

what is tachypnea

Answer 43

fast breathing

Question 44

what is exertional dyspnea

Answer 44

SOB when moving (walking)

Question 45

where does the left side of the heart receive blood from

Answer 45

the lungs

Question 46

what happens in left sided heart failure

Answer 46

left side loses ability to contract