Abdominal Flashcards
What quadrant is the appendix in
right lower quadrant
what organs are solid viscera
liver
pancreas
spleen
kidneys
adrenal glands
ovaries
uterus
what organs are hollow viscera
stomach
gall bladder
small intestine
colon
bladder
what is pyrosis
heartburn
what is the sequence for abd assessment
inspection
auscultation
percussion
palpation
which contours are normal for abd
flat and rounded
which contours are abnormal (except pregnancy) for abd
scaphoid and protuberant
what are some abnormal findings on inspection
umbilical hernia
epigastric hernia
incisional hernia
diastasis recti
what are some abnormal findings od abd distension
obesity
gas/air
ascities
ovarian cyst
pregnancy
feces
tumor
how many bowel sounds per min is considered normoactive
5-30
how many bowel sounds per min is considered hypoactive
<5
how many bowel sounds per min is considered hyperactive
> 30
how long do you have to listen for bowel sounds to report absent bowel sounds
5 min
where is the costovertebral angle
12th rib and spine
what does costovertebral angle tenderness indicate
kidney infection or musculoskeletal problem
what is blumberg’s sign
rebound tenderness from long deep palpation
what are some developmental considerations
large liver @ birth
diastasis recti and umbilical hernia in infants
protuberant and in young children
little abd musculature in children
palpable organs
what are some pregnancy considerations
abd wall muscles stretch an lose tone
organs are displaced and affect functions
linea nigra in 3rd trimester
what are some considerations for older adults
meds
functional abilities of gi tract are affected
adb wall is thinner w/ rounder contour
liver metabolism decreases
secretion and absorption slows down
what is the preferred position to inspect perianal
left lateral decubitus
what are some normal findings for perianal assessment inspection
moist, coarse folded skin, dark pigmentation
anal opening closed tight
newborn- anal reflex
elderly- decreased sphincter tone
what are some abnormal findings for perianal assessment inspection
local inflammation/rashes
fissures
lesions
hemorrhoids (internal/external)
pilonidal cyst
puritis
pinworms
rectal prolapse
what are some normal findings for stool
brown
soft consistency
newborn-meconium
what are some abnormal findings with stool
black tarry (melena)
red
clay
yellow or greasy
diarrhea
constipation
fecal impaction
pinworms
what does clay colored stool indicate
lack of bile
what does yellow or greasy stool indicate
steatorrhea
what are some normal findings with prostate exam
smooth
elastic
slightly mobile
nontender
what are some abnormal findings with prostate exam
firm
hard
irregular
tender
benign prostatic hyperplasia
prostate cancer
difficulty urinating
