networks and internet Flashcards
The ____ developed ARPANET in the ____. ARPA (____) managed this project.
United States Department of Defense, 1960s, The
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
Every computer that is connected to the Internet is considered a part of that network.
Global Network
Additionally, ARPANET began as a network of approximately ____ computers.
60,000
The actual term “Internet” was finally defined in ____ by FNC (_____).
1995, The Federal Networking Council
The procedures by which computers communicate with each other are called
protocols
the protocols initially
used by the Internet are called the
TCP/IP protocols
OSI MODEL
APPLICATION
PRESENTATION
SESSION
TRANSPORT
NETWORK
DATA LINK
PHYSICAL
TCP/IP MODEL
APPLICATION
TRANSPORT
INTERNET
NETWORK ACCESS
Education -
Government -
Military –
International –
Network –
(non-profit) Organization –
Commercial -
EDU
GOV
MIL
INT
NET
ORG
COM
a set of networking rules that enable computers to communicate
over the Internet.
Internet Protocol (IP)
IP has two primary purposes:
- exchange data over the Internet at the correct destination.
- Identify every device and domain that connects to the Internet by assigning a unique IP
address
Most networks combine IP with ____ or ____ to form a connection between devices.
Transmission Control Protocol(TCP), User Datagram
Protocol(UDP)
request
response
response
response
UDP
SYN
SYN ACK
ACK
TCP
a collection of computers or other hardware devices that are connected,
either physically or logically, using special hardware and software to allow them to exchange
information and cooperate.
network
the term that describes the processes involved in designing, implementing,
upgrading, managing and otherwise working with networks and network technologies.
Networking
the most common kind of network set up
LAN or Local Area Network
There are two ways
to connect a LAN network. The simplest and easiest way is the _____. This is when two or more computers are directly connected to each other.
peer-to-peer connection
network
A LAN (____), is a network of connected computers in a room, building, or set
of buildings. This is also called as _____.
Local Area Network, intranets
It is a computer network that connects number of
LANs to form larger network, so that the computer resources can be shared.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
MAN covers larger area than a ___ but smaller than the area covered by a ___ which is
designed to extend over the entire city.
LAN, WAN
____ is specially designed to provide high-speed
connectivity to the users in which the speed ranges in terms of Mbps. its architecture
is quite complicated hence it is hard to design and maintain.
MAN
a communications network that makes
use of existing technology to connect local computer networks into a larger working network
that may cover both national and international locations.
wide area network (WAN)
types of computer networks
WAN
MAN
LAN
PAN
the schematic description of a network arrangement, connecting various
nodes(sender and receiver) through lines of connection.
Network Topology
a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to
single cable. When it has exactly two endpoints.
Bus topology
it forms a ring as each computer is connected to another computer, with the
last one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbors for each device
Ring Topology
In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a single hub
through a cable. This hub is the central node and all point-to-point nodes are connected to the
central node.
Star Topology
- It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. All the network
nodes are connected to each other.
Mesh Topology
It has a root node, and all other nodes are connected to it forming a
hierarchy. It is also called hierarchical topology It should at least have three levels to the hierarchy
Tree Topology
It is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of two or more
topologies For example, if in an office in one department ring topology is used and in another,
star topology is used
Hybrid Topology
It is a hardware
component used to connect a computer with another computer
onto a network.
NIC (network interface card)
– It is a hardware device that divides the network
connection among multiple devices.
Hub –
When computer requests
for some information from a network, it first sends the request
to the Hub through ____. Hub will broadcast this request to _____. All the devices will check whether the request
belongs to them or not. If not, the request will be ____.
cable, the entire network, dropped
- It is a hardware device that connects multiple devices
on a computer network. It contains more advanced features than Hub; contains the updated table that decides where the data is transmitted or not. It also delivers the message to the correct destination based on the physical address present in the incoming message.
Switch
- It is a hardware device which is used to connect a LAN
with an internet connection. It is used to receive, analyze and
forward the incoming packets to another network.
Router
forwards the packet based on the information available
in the routing table. It determines the best path from the available paths for the transmission of the packet.
router
a hardware device that allows the
computer to connect to the internet over the existing
telephone line. It is not integrated with the motherboard
rather than it is installed on the PCI slot found on the
motherboard.
Modem
modem stands for ____. It converts the digital data into an analog signal over the telephone lines.
Modulator/Demodulator
a transmission media used for
transmitting a signal.
Cables and Connectors
The Web was invented in ____ by ____ while consulting at CERN (____) in ____
March 1989, Tim Berners Lee, European
Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland
a distributed information system
contains multimedia
A collection of millions of pages of information
web
Information in the Web is connected by ____
hyperlinks
It is the software that locates websites for you and allows users to “ the World Wide Web and
view web pages
Web Browsers
It is a software application that enables a user to display and interact with text, images, videos,
music and other information typically located on a Web page at a website on the World Wide
Web or a local area network.
Web Browsers
a cooperative endeavor no organization oversees the net.
internet
a global network of networks
Internet
the first ever browser
WorldWideWeb
______ was credited for the boom of the
Internet (developed by _____)
Mosaic, Marc Andreesen
a single or a collection of web pages
website
Email stands for ____.
electronic mail
a special website on the Internet which makes it much easier
to find the information and the web pages that you need
Search engine
For the search results, they are
called ____
hits
comb the Internet looking for documents and their web addresses based on your
search keywords
Spiders
TYPES OF topology
Bus topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology
Mesh Topology
Tree Topology
Hybrid Topology
components of a network
Cables and connectors
Router
Switch
Hub
Modem
NIC
types of network cable
straight through
crossover
