Data, Information, and Software Flashcards
raw, unorganized facts or figures
that are collected and stored. It can be in the
form of numbers, text, images, or any other
type of input.
Data
the most basic form of
representation and requires further processing to become useful
Data
refers to information that can be represented using only two
possible values, typically 0 and 1.
Binary data
encompasses information that is not
restricted to two possible values.
non-binary data
the processed and organized
form of data. It is data that has been
analyzed, structured, and given context.
Information
It is the result of data being transformed
into a more meaningful and useful state.
Information
provides meaning and can be
used to answer questions or make decisions.
Information
It refers to
a conceptual
framework wherein input in the
form of data or information is
processed which result in the
generation of an output basically
in the form of information
.
The INPUT – PROCESS – OUTPUT (I-P-O) Model
stages of data processing
data collection
data preparation
data input
data processing
data output & interpretation
data storage
It is a group of organized interdependent components that interact with
and complement one another to achieve one or more predetermined
goals.
System
a system is the sum of its parts glued into one distinct entity
Unitary Whole
a system is made up of functionally oriented
Composed of Parts
boundaries separate the system from its environment
Bounded
– the parts are related and have definite
interactions and interdependencies.
System Parts Interact With Each Other
Each system is likely to be part of another larger system. Just as
it is likely to be divided into subsystems.
Hierarchical
The components all work toward a particular purpose
of function.
Goal-Oriented
It refers to the physical
components that are used in data preparation,
data input, data storage, data computation
and logic comparisons, control functions
and outputting information.
Hardware
It includes the central processing unit (CPU) and the storage, input, output
and communication devices.
Hardware
refers to the human aspects of
computing and information systems. It focuses on
the human factors of technology, emphasizing how
people interact with hardware, software, and
processes.
Peopleware
elements of a computer system
data
hardware
peopleware
software
non-physical components of a computer system such as the
machine coded instructions used by the different hardware facilities.
Software
It refers to all computer programs which direct and control the computer
hardware in data processing.
Software
it is a collection of programs that facilitates the
programming and operation of the computer.
Systems Software
it is an integral part of the computer system itself.
Systems Software
it supervises the operations of the CPU, controls the
input/output functions of the computer system, translates
programming languages, and provides other support services.
Systems Software
These programs are written to solve a specific problem.
Applications software
types of software
systems, applications, and development
an example of application software; these are tools
and applications specifically designed to assist software developers in
creating, testing, and maintaining software applications.
Development Software
types of software development
frontend - webpages, visuals and functionality
backend - building and maintaining
full-stack - mostly backend, but also adept at frontend
this is also called the machine code, which is a
computer program that is developed in the language of machines to provide
instructions that can be directly executed by the central processing unit of
a computer.
Machine Language
This language is strictly numerical, and it is expected to run as fast as
possible, and it may also be considered as the level of
representation that is the lowest, of an assembled
computer program or as a programming language
that is primitive and dependent on hardware.
Machine Language
data representations
binary data
non binary data
characteristics of a system
Unitary Whole
Composed of Parts
Bounded
System Parts Interact With Each Other
Hierarchical
Goal-Oriented
also symbolic
machine code; this is a low-level
programming language which has a
great correspondence when it comes
to the instructions in its language and
the machine code instructions of the
architecture
Assembly Language
are programming
languages that are designed to allow humans
to write computer programs and interact with
a computer system without having to have
specific knowledge of the processor or
hardware that the program will run on.
High-Level Language
they allow programmers to write
code that is more readable, maintainable, and portable.
High-Level Language
types of computer languages
Machine Language
Assembly Language
High-Level Language
translates code from a high-level programming
language into machine code before the program runs.
Compiler
translates code written in a high-level
programming language into machine code line-by-line as the code runs.
Interpreter
visual representation of compiler
source code -> object code -> Machine
visual representation of interpreter
source code -> intermediate code -> interpreter
