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3rd Year_2nd Sem > Networks 2nd PDF > Flashcards

Networks 2nd PDF Flashcards

1
Q

a description of layered communications and computer network protocol and transmission design

A

OSI Model

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2
Q

OSI

A

Open System Interconnection Reference Model

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3
Q

This provides a standardized approach to understanding how data is transmitted across networks.

A

OSI Model

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4
Q

This is a conceptual model and not a physical implementation

A

OSI Model

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5
Q

7 Layers of OSI Model

A

Layer 7: Application
Layer 6: Presentation
Layer 5: Session
Layer 4: Transport
Layer 3: Network
Layer 2: Data Link
Layer 1: Physical

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6
Q

Software Layer

A

Layer 7: Application
Layer 6: Presentation
Layer 5: Session

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7
Q

Hardware Layer

A

Layer 3: Network
Layer 2: Data Link
Layer 1: Physical

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8
Q

Sequence of layers when transmitting data

A

Layer 7 to /Application to Physical

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9
Q

Sequence of layers when receiving data

A

Layer 1 to 7/Physical to Application

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10
Q

This is responsible for the transmission of raw bit streams over a physical medium.

A

Physical Layer/Layer 1

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11
Q

Physical Layer Functions

A

Bit Transmission
Physical Connection
Signal Encoding
Bit Synchronization
Error Detection

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12
Q

This converts digital data into electrical signal or light pulses suitable for transmission.

A

Bit Transmission

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13
Q

This defines the physical characteristics of the network, such as cables, connectors, and interfaces.

A

Physical Connection

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14
Q

This determines how bits are represented as signals

A

Signal Encoding

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15
Q

This ensures that the sender and receiver clocks are synchronized

A

Bit Synchronization

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16
Q

This implements basic error detection techniques like parity checking

A

Error Detection

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17
Q

This is responsible for reliable data transfer between nodes on a network segment

A

Data Link/Layer 2

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18
Q

This bridges the gap between the physical layer’s raw bit transmission and the network layer’s logical addressing

A

Data Link/Layer 2

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19
Q

Data Link Functions

A

Framing
Physical Addressing
Error Detection and Correction
Flow Control

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20
Q

This divides the data into smaller units called frames

A

Framing

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21
Q

This adds a header and trailer to each frame, containing control information like source and destination addresses, error-checking codes, and sequence numbers

A

Framing

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22
Q

This assigns unique physical addresses (MAC Addresses) to each Network Interface Card (NIC).

A

Physical Addressing

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23
Q

This uses addresses to identify devices on the same network segment

A

Physical Addressing

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24
Q

This employs techniques like Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to detect errors in transmitted data.

A

Error Detection and Correction

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25
Q

This may use error correction method like Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) to retransmit damaged or lost frames.

A

Error Detection and Correction

26
Q

Regulates the rate of data transmission to prevent the receiver from being overwhelmed.

A

Flow Control

27
Q

This uses techniques like sliding window protocol to control the number of frames that can be transmitted before acknowledgement.

A

Flow Control

28
Q

This is responsible for logical addressing and routing data packets across different networks.

A

Network Layer/Layer 3

29
Q

This directs packets from source to destination

A

Network Layer/Layer 3

30
Q

Network Layer Functions

A

Logical Addressing
Packet Switching
Routing
Congestion Control

31
Q

This assigns unique logical addresses (IP addresses) to each device on a network. These addresses are used to identify devices across different networks.

A

Logical Addressing

32
Q

This breaks data into smaller packets for efficient transmission. Each packet contains source and destination IP addresses, allowing routers to forward them independently.

A

Packet Switching

33
Q

This determines the best path for packets to travel from source to destination.

A

Routing

34
Q

Routing protocols like _______ are used to exchange routing information between routers

A

RIP, OSPF, and BGP

35
Q

RIP

A

Routing Information Protocol

36
Q

OSPF

A

Open Shortest Path First

37
Q

BGP

A

Border Gateway Protocol

38
Q

This manages networks traffic to prevent congestion and ensure efficient data flow

A

Congestion Control

39
Q

Multiple devices can have the same MAC address
True or False?

A

False

40
Q

OSPF Protocol is used in which layer?

A

Network Layer/Layer 3

41
Q

MAC addresses are used in which layer?

A

Data Link/Layer 2

42
Q

The fundamental protocol used to route data packets across the internet

A

IPV4 (Internet Protocol version 4)

43
Q

This assigns unique addresses to devices connected to the network enabling communication between them.

A

IP

44
Q

IP

A

Internet Protocol

45
Q

Each IPV4 address is a ________ number

A

32-bit

46
Q

Originally, IP addresses were divided into five different categories called

A

classes

47
Q

Each address class defines a different number of bits for its

A

Network Prefix (Network Address) and Host Number (Host Address)

48
Q

This specifies the unique number which is assigned to your network

A

Network Address

49
Q

This is a specific address number assigned to each host machine

A

Host Address

50
Q

This uses fixed-length subnet masks and categorizes IP addresses into five classes (A, B, C, D, E)

A

Classful Addressing (1981)

51
Q

This is also called CIDR, uses VLSM and allows for flexible allocation of bits to network ID and host ID

A

Classless Addressing (1993)

52
Q

CIDR

A

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

53
Q

VLSM

A

Variable-Length Subnet Masks

54
Q

these have to do with the size of networks as they are assigned from IANA

A

Classful and Classless

55
Q

these have to do with how you allocate your IP space within your networks

A

FLSM and VLSM

56
Q

FLSM

A

fixed-length subnet mask

57
Q

In a word, Classless Addressing can be summarized as:

A

Efficient

58
Q

This is the practice of dividing a network into two or more networks

A

Subnetting

59
Q

Taking a network and dividing it into sub-networks is?

A

Subnetting

60
Q

This offers a compact and extremely useful way to represent IP addresses and their associated subnet masks

A

CIDR Notation

3rd Year_2nd Sem (5 decks)

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