Micro 2-4

Question 1

This is one of the most exciting technological innovations in electronics since the appearance of the transistor in

Answer 1

Microprocessor

1948

Question 2

This is a controlling unit of a micro-computer, fabricated on a small chip capable of performing ______ operations and communicating with the other devices connected to it

Answer 2

Microprocessor

ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit)

Question 3

Microprocessor consists of

Answer 3

ALU, register array, and a control unit

Question 4

performs arithmetical and logical operations on the data received from the memory or an input device.

Answer 4

ALU

Question 5

consists of registers identified by letters like B, C, D, E, H, L and accumulator.

Answer 5

Register array

Question 6

controls the flow of data and instructions within the computer.

Answer 6

control unit

Question 7

Microcomputer consists of

Answer 7

Microprocessor, Memory, I/O

Question 8

It performs the necessary arithmetic and logic operations and controls the timing and general operation of the complete system.

Answer 8

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Question 9

are used for feeding data into the CPU, examples of these devices are toggle switches, analog-to-digital converters, paper tape readers, card readers, keyboards, disk etc.

Answer 9

Input devices

Question 10

are used for delivering the results of computations to the outside world; examples are light emitting diodes, cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, digital-to-analog converters, card and paper-tape punches, character printers, plotters, communication lines etc.

Answer 10

Output devices

Question 11

thus allows the computer to usefully communicate with the outside world.

Answer 11

input/output subsystem

Question 12

Input-output devices are also called as

Answer 12

peripherals

Question 13

It stores both the instructions to be executed and the data involved.

Answer 13

Memory

Question 14

The particular microprocessor-based systems that happen to be used as a computer are called

Answer 14

microcomputers

Question 15

is simply a less powerful minicomputer.

Answer 15

microcomputer

Question 16

was the world’s first microprocessor—a complete general-purpose CPU on a single chip.

Answer 16

Intel 4004

Question 17

Released in _____, and using cutting-edge silicon-gate technology, the 4004 marked the beginning of Intel’s rise to global dominance in the processor industry.

Answer 17

March 1971

Question 18

is a multipurpose, clock driven, register based, digital-integrated circuit which accepts binary data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output.

Answer 18

Microprocessor

Question 19

is a computer Central Processing Unit (CPU) on a single chip that contains millions of transistors connected by wires. Its components are namely ALU, Control Unit, and Register Array.

Answer 19

Microprocessor

Question 20

It is the unit of microprocessor where various computing functions are performed on the data

Answer 20

ALU (arithmetic logic unit)

Question 21

is used to control the instructions and it generates the signals to operate the other components

Answer 21

control unit

Question 22

receive signals from the CPU, which instructs the control unit to move data from microprocessor to microprocessor.

Answer 22

control unit

Question 23

provides the necessary timing and control signals to all the operations in the microcomputer

Answer 23

control unit

Question 24

It controls and executes the flow of data between the microprocessor, memory and peripherals.

Answer 24

control unit

Question 25

bidirectional and assists the CPU in synchronizing control signals to internal devices and external components

Answer 25

control bus

Question 26

Registers that are used by the programmer to store arbitrary data are known as

Answer 26

general-purpose registers

Question 27

registers which are not used by a programmer to store the data are known as the

Answer 27

reserved registers

Question 28

The length of the register is known as the ____ of the computer

Answer 28

word length

Question 29

are the small additional memory location which are used to store and transfer data and programs that are currently being executed.

Answer 29

register

Question 30

The microprocessor is the greatest invention of the

Answer 30

20th century

Question 31

microprocessor's evolution started from the earlier mechanical calculating devices, in the

Answer 31

1930s

Question 32

The transistor technology led to the development of complex devices called

Answer 32

integrated circuits (ICs)

Question 33

was the first MPU producer and has been holding a large share of the world market for this product.

Answer 33

Intel

Question 34

Evolution of Microprocessor

Answer 34

(2) First Generation (1971-1973) (+4) Second Generation (1974-1978) (2) Third Generation (1978-1980) (+14) Fourth Generation (1981-1995) (0) Fifth Generation (1995-till date)

Question 35

______ generation microprocessors processed their instructions serially—they fetched the instruction, decoded it, and then executed it.

Answer 35

First-generation

Question 36

It was co-developed by Busicom, a Japanese manufacturer of calculators, and Intel, a US manufacturer of semiconductors.

Answer 36

Intel 4004

Question 37

They were fabricated using p-channel metal-oxide semiconductor (PMOS) technology, which provided low cost, slow speed, and low output currents.

Answer 37

First Generation

Question 38

Very large-scale integration (VLSI) led to chips that had speeds up to hundreds of millions of switching per second.

Answer 38

Second Generation

Question 39

_____ generation marked the beginning of very efficient 8-bit microprocessors

Answer 39

Second Generation

Question 40

_____ generation devices marked a sharp contrast with the use of newer semiconductor technology to fabricate chips. They were manufactured using n-channel metal oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) technology.

Answer 40

Second Generation

Question 41

These processors had the technology of 16- bit arithmetic and pipelined instruction processing

Answer 41

Third Generation

Question 42

It was designed using high density metal-oxide-semiconductor (HMOS) technology

Answer 42

Third Generation

Question 43

This era marked the beginning of 32-bit microprocessors

Answer 43

Fourth Generation

Question 44

They were fabricated using high density/high speed complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (HCMOS)

Answer 44

Fourth Generation

Question 45

_____ generation microprocessors employ decoupled super scalar processing and their design contains more than 10 million transistors

Answer 45

Fifth Generation

Question 46

It has also paved the way for high speed memory I/O devices along with the introduction of 64-bit microprocessors

Answer 46

Fifth Generation

Question 47

It is the system based on combining transistors in such a way that they can be used for logic gates.

Answer 47

TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic)

Question 48

is small chip that can function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer, microprocessor, or even computer memory.

Answer 48

integrated circuit, or IC

Question 49

Based on the application of the processors, they are classified as

Answer 49

1. General-purpose processors 2. Microcontrollers 3. Special-purpose processors

Question 50

are those that are used in general computer system integration and can be used by the programmer for any application

Answer 50

General-purpose processors

Question 51

are microprocessor chips with built-in hardware for the memory and ports

Answer 51

Microcontrollers

Question 52

are designed specifically to handle special functions required for an application.

Answer 52

Special-purpose processors

Question 53

examples of special-purpose processors

Answer 53

Digital signal processors and Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chips

Question 54

Based on the architecture and hardware of the processors, they are classified as

Answer 54

1. RISC processors 2. CISC processors 3. VLIW processors 4. Superscalar processors

Question 55

is a processor architecture that supports limited machine language instructions

Answer 55

Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)

Question 56

Very long instruction word (VLIW) processors have instructions composed of many machine operations. These instructions can be executed in parallel. This parallel execution is called

Answer 56

instruction-level parallelism

Question 57

use complex hardware to achieve parallelism. It is possible to have overlapping of instruction execution to increase the speed of execution.

Answer 57

Superscalar processors

Question 58

It is designed to reduce the execution time by simplifying the instruction set of the computer High on RAM usage

Answer 58

Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)

Question 59

It is designed to minimize the number of instructions per program, ignoring the number of cycles per instruction. Low on RAM usage

Answer 59

Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)

Question 60

____ architecture in P-DSPs (programmable Digital Signal Processor) increases the number of instructions that are processed per cycle.

Answer 60

Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW)

Question 61

It is a concatenation of several short instructions and requires multiple execution units running in parallel, to carry out the instructions in a single cycle.

Answer 61

Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW)

Question 62

is a CPU that implements a form of parallelism called instruction-level parallelism within a single processor.

Answer 62

Superscalar Processor

Question 63

This processor can execute more than one instruction during a clock cycle by simultaneously dispatching multiple instructions to different execution units on the processor.

Answer 63

Superscalar Processor

Question 64

a single-core superscalar processor is classified as an

Answer 64

SISD (Single Instruction stream, Single Data stream)

Question 65

a single-core superscalar processor that supports short vector operations could be classified as

Answer 65

SIMD (Single Instruction stream, Multiple Data streams)

Question 66

A multi-core superscalar processor is classified as an

Answer 66

MIMD (Multiple Instruction streams, Multiple Data streams)

Question 67

typically refers to building design and construction. Also refers to design, but instead of buildings, it describes the design of computer systems

Answer 67

architecture

Question 68

is part of a computer that pertains to programming, which is more or less machine language. The instruction set provides commands to the processor, to tell it what it needs to do.

Answer 68

instruction set

Question 69

instruction set is also known as

Answer 69

ISA (instruction set architecture)