Network Services

Question 1

What is a file server?

Answer 1

A server configured to allow clients on the network to access and read/write to its disk (file share)

File servers provide centralized data storage for users on a network.

Question 2

What is the purpose of a print server?

Answer 2

Provides printing functionality and can be a physical workstation or network infrastructure

Print servers manage print jobs and allow multiple users to share printers.

Question 3

Which protocol is primarily used by Windows-based file and print servers?

Answer 3

NetBIOS or SMB

SMB is the Server Message Block protocol used for file sharing in Windows networks.

Question 4

What ports does NetBIOS use?

Answer 4

Ports 137, 139

NetBIOS is used for file or printer sharing in a Windows network.

Question 5

What protocol is used for Windows file and printer sharing services?

Answer 5

Server Message Block (SMB)

SMB operates over port 445.

Question 6

What is Samba?

Answer 6

Provides the ability for a Linux or Unix server to host files or printers for Windows clients

Samba allows interoperability between Linux/Unix and Windows systems.

Question 7

What ports are used by File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?

Answer 7

Ports 20, 21

FTP provides insecure file transfers over the internet.

Question 8

What is the function of a web server?

Answer 8

Provides access to a website

Web servers handle HTTP requests from clients.

Question 9

What port does HTTP use?

Answer 9

Port 80

HTTP is the foundation of data communication on the web.

Question 10

What does HTTPS stand for and what port does it use?

Answer 10

HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure; Port 443

HTTPS is used for secure communication over a computer network.

Question 11

What is Internet Information Services (IIS)?

Answer 11

Extensible web server software created by Microsoft

IIS supports HTTP, HTTP/2, and HTTPS protocols.

Question 12

What is the most popular web server software today?

Answer 12

Apache

Apache is widely used due to its flexibility and open-source nature.

Question 13

What is the function of an email server?

Answer 13

Set up to compose and send messages to another user

Email servers facilitate email communication over the internet.

Question 14

What protocol specifies how emails should be delivered between mail domains?

Answer 14

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

SMTP operates over port 25.

Question 15

What does POP3 stand for and what port does it operate over?

Answer 15

Post Office Protocol 3; Port 110

POP3 is an older email retrieval protocol.

Question 16

What is the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)?

Answer 16

Mail retrieval protocol that operates over port 143

IMAP allows users to access their email on multiple devices.

Question 17

What is Microsoft Exchange?

Answer 17

Mailbox server environment designed for Windows-based domain environments

Microsoft Exchange is commonly used in corporate settings.

Question 18

What is the 802.1x standard?

Answer 18

Standardized framework used for port-based authentication on wired and wireless networks

It enhances network security by controlling access.

Question 19

What is Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)?

Answer 19

A database used to centralize information about clients and objects on the network

LDAP is often used for directory services.

Question 20

What is Active Directory (AD)?

Answer 20

Used to organize and manage the network, including clients, servers, devices, users, and groups

AD is a directory service developed by Microsoft.

Question 21

What does RADIUS stand for?

Answer 21

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service

RADIUS provides centralized administration of authentication services.

Question 22

What is the role of Kerberos?

Answer 22

Authentication protocol used by Windows for mutual authentication using tickets

Kerberos can be a single point of failure if the domain controller fails.

Question 23

What is the purpose of a Remote Access Server?

Answer 23

Allows remote devices to connect to a network

It supports various protocols for remote connections.

Question 24

What is Telnet and which port does it use?

Answer 24

Sends text-based commands to remote devices; Port 23

Telnet is considered insecure and should not be used for secure devices.

Question 25

What does SSH stand for and what is its purpose?

Answer 25

Secure Shell; encrypts all communications between client and server ## Footnote SSH operates over port 22.

Question 26

What does the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) provide?

Answer 26

Graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network ## Footnote RDP operates over port 3389.

Question 27

What is a Proxy Server?

Answer 27

Creates a network connection between an end user’s client machine and a remote resource ## Footnote Proxy servers can enhance security and performance.

Question 28

What is a Load Balancer?

Answer 28

Distributes incoming requests across several servers ## Footnote It helps defend against DoS and DDoS attacks.

Question 29

What does DoS stand for?

Answer 29

Denial of Service ## Footnote It involves flooding systems with requests to cause a crash.

Question 30

What is the difference between DoS and DDoS?

Answer 30

DoS involves a single attacker; DDoS involves multiple attackers ## Footnote DDoS attacks can be more difficult to mitigate.

Question 31

What is an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)?

Answer 31

Works for small-scale attacks against DoS ## Footnote IPS identifies and prevents potential threats.

Question 32

What is Unified Threat Management (UTM)?

Answer 32

Conducts security functions within a single device or network appliance ## Footnote UTM simplifies security management.

Question 33

What is a Legacy System?

Answer 33

A computer system no longer supported by its vendor ## Footnote Legacy systems require mitigations to remain operational.

Question 34

What is a Proprietary System?

Answer 34

System owned by its developer or vendor ## Footnote Proprietary systems typically restrict access to their source code.

Question 35

What does ICS stand for?

Answer 35

Industrial Control System ## Footnote ICS is used to control machinery and automate processes.

Question 36

What is a Human-Machine Interface (HMI)?

Answer 36

Local control panel or software that runs on a computer ## Footnote HMIs allow operators to interact with machinery.

Question 37

What is a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)?

Answer 37

Type of digital computer used in industrial settings for automation ## Footnote PLCs can control assembly lines and robotics.

Question 38

What is the function of a System-on-a-Chip?

Answer 38

Integrates multiple logical controllers onto a single chip ## Footnote This includes processor, memory, and storage functionalities.

Question 39

What is an embedded system?

Answer 39

Computer system designed to perform specific and dedicated functions ## Footnote Embedded systems are typically static and require infrequent changes.

Question 40

What does RTOS stand for?

Answer 40

Real-time Operating System ## Footnote RTOS prioritizes deterministic execution for time-critical tasks.