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CompTIA A+ > Network Configurations > Flashcards

Network Configurations Flashcards

OBJ 2.1: Compare and contrast Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ports, protocols, and their purposes ● OBJ 2.5: Given a scenario, install and configure basic wired/wireless small office/home office (SOHO) networks ● OBJ 2.6: Compare and contrast common network configuration concepts

1
Q

What is the function of the Link/Network Interface Layer?

A

Responsible for putting frames in the physical network’s transmission media

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2
Q

In which layer does data travel only through the local area network?

A

Link/Network Interface Layer

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3
Q

What is the primary purpose of the Internet Layer?

A

Used to address packets and route them across the network

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4
Q

What does the Transport Layer show?

A

How to send the packets

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5
Q

What does TCP stand for?

A

Transmission Control Protocol

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6
Q

What does UDP stand for?

A

User Datagram Protocol

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7
Q

What is contained within the Application Layer?

A

All the protocols that perform higher-level functions

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8
Q

What is a Multicast Address?

A

A logical identifier for a group of hosts in a computer network

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9
Q

Define Classful Mask.

A

Default subnet mask for a given class of IP addresses

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10
Q

What does Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) allow?

A

Borrowing some of the host bits and reassigning them to the network portion

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11
Q

What is a Public (Routable) IP address?

A

Can be accessed over the Internet and is assigned to the network by an Internet service provider

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12
Q

What is a Private (Non-Routable) IP address?

A

Can be used by anyone any time, but only within their own local area network

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13
Q

List the Private IP ranges.

A
  • 10.*
  • 172.*
  • 192.*
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14
Q

What is Network Address Translation (NAT)?

A

Allows for routing of private IPs through a public IP

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15
Q

What is the Loopback Address?

A

127.0.0.1

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the Loopback Address?

A

Creates a loopback to the host and is often used in troubleshooting and testing network protocols on a system

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17
Q

What range of addresses does Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) use?

A

169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255

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18
Q

What does the acronym D.O.R.A. stand for in IP address assignment?

A

Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge

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19
Q

What is Static Assignment in IP address configuration?

A

Manually typing the IP address for the host, its subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server

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20
Q

Why is Static Assignment impractical on large enterprise networks?

A

It requires manual configuration for each device

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21
Q

What is Dynamic Assignment in IP address configuration?

A

Dynamic allocation of IP addresses

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22
Q

What is the function of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

A

Converts the domain names used by a website to the IP address of its server

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23
Q

How is DNS analogous to a phone book?

A

It lists human-readable names and their corresponding IP addresses

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24
Q

What does Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) do?

A

Identifies NetBIOS systems on a TCP/IP network and converts those NetBIOS names to IP addresses

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25
Q

What is the Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)?

A

Dynamically assigns IP addresses and allows a workstation to load a copy of boot image to the network

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26
Q

What does Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) do?

A

Assigns an IP based on an assignable scope or addresses and provides the ability to configure other options

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27
Q

What is the range of IP addresses typically used by DHCP in a given scope?

A

192.168.1.100 through 192.168.1.200

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28
Q

What happens to each IP address leased by DHCP when the lease expires?

A

Returns to the pool

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29
Q

What does IP Address Management entail?

A

Manages the IPs being assigned and returned over time

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30
Q

How does DHCP relate to BOOTP?

A

DHCP is the modern implementation of BOOTP

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31
Q

What limitations do APIPA-assigned devices have?

A

Cannot communicate outside the LAN or with non-APIPA devices

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32
Q

What does Zero Configuration (ZeroConf) technology provide?

A

Features similar to APIPA, including IPv4 link-local address assignment

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33
Q

What does mDNS stand for?

A

Multicast Domain Name Service

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34
Q

What is the purpose of Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR)?

A

Resolve computer names to IP addresses on a local network

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35
Q

What is the definition of Scope in DHCP?

A

List of valid IP addresses available for assignment or lease to a client computer or endpoint device on a given subnet

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36
Q

How many IP addresses are available in a typical DHCP scope?

A

254 available IPs

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37
Q

What is DHCP Reservation?

A

Excludes some IP addresses from being handed to devices unless they meet a certain condition

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38
Q

What is a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)?

A

Domain name under a top-level provider

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39
Q

What is the bit size of an IPv4 address?

A

32-bit

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40
Q

How is an IPv4 address divided?

A

Into 4 octets (0–255)

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41
Q

Which classes are used for standard networks in IPv4?

A

Classes A, B, and C

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42
Q

What is the relationship between network bits and host bits?

A

More network bits means more networks, more host bits means more devices

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43
Q

What is the formula for calculating usable hosts?

A

(2^Host Bits) - 2

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44
Q

What is the purpose of subnet masks?

A

To separate network and host portions

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45
Q

What does CIDR notation represent?

A

The number of network bits

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46
Q

Fill in the blank: The CIDR notation for a subnet with 24 network bits is _______.

A

/24

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47
Q

What does URL stand for?

A

Uniform Resource Locator

48
Q

What is the function of the DNS A record?

A

Links a hostname to an IPv4 address

49
Q

What is the function of a DNS AAAA record?

A

Links a hostname to an IPv6 address.

50
Q

What is the function of a DNS CNAME record?

A

Points a domain to another domain or subdomain

51
Q

What is the function of a DNS MX record?

A

Directs emails to a mail server.

52
Q

What is the function of a DNS TXT record?

A

Adds text into the DNS

53
Q

What is the function of the DNS NS record?

A

Indicates which DNS nameserver has the authority

54
Q

What can CNAME records point to?

A

Another domain or subdomain

55
Q

What is the purpose of Sender Policy Framework (SPF)?

A

Identifies the host authorized to send mail for the domain

56
Q

What does DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) provide?

A

Cryptographic authentication mechanism for mail using a public key

57
Q

What is DMARC?

A

Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance framework

58
Q

What is a Nameserver?

A

Type of DNS server that stores all DNS records for a domain

59
Q

What is Internal DNS used for?

A

Allows cloud instances on the same network to access each other

60
Q

What does External DNS record?

A

Created around domain names from a central authority for public Internet use

61
Q

What does Time to Live (TTL) specify?

A

How long to cache a DNS query before requesting a new one

62
Q

What is a DNS Resolver?

A

Makes a local copy of every DNS entry it resolves

63
Q

What is Recursive Lookup?

A

DNS server communicates with several other DNS servers to find an IP address

64
Q

What is Iterative Lookup?

A

Each DNS server responds directly to the client with another DNS server’s address

65
Q

What does VLAN stand for?

A

Virtual Local Area Network

66
Q

What does a VLAN allow?

A

Different logical networks to share the same physical hardware, it is a way to segment a network logically within the same physical switch.
-benefits: improves security, reduces network congestion, better network organization
-used on managed switches

67
Q

What is VLAN trunking

A

Allows multiple VLANs over one cable to allow traffic to pass

68
Q

What are VLAN IDs used for

A

used to identify different VLANs

69
Q

What does inter-VLAN communication require?

A

A router or Layer 3 switch

70
Q

What is a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?

A

Extends a private network across a public network

71
Q

What is Full Tunnel VPN?

A

Routes and encrypts all network requests through the VPN connection

72
Q

What is Split Tunnel VPN?

A

Routes only traffic bound for headquarters over the VPN

73
Q

What is a Clientless VPN?

A

Creates a secure remote-access VPN tunnel using a web browser

74
Q

What does Secure Socket Layer (SSL) provide?

A

Cryptography and reliability using the upper layers of the OSI model

75
Q

What is the address space of IPv4?

A

2³², or 4.2 billion addresses

76
Q

What is Address Exhaustion?

A

Running out of network addresses in IPv4

77
Q

What is the address space of IPv6?

A

2¹²⁸, or 340 undecillion addresses

78
Q

What are some characteristics of IPv6?

A

Larger address space, no broadcasts, no fragmentation, coexist with IPv4, simplified header

79
Q

What does Dual Stack mean?

A

Simultaneously runs both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols

80
Q

What is Tunneling in networking?

A

Allows an existing IPv4 router to carry IPv6 traffic

81
Q

What is a Unicast Address?

A

Used to identify a single interface

82
Q

What is a Link-Local address in IPv6?

A

Used like a private IP in IPv4, can only be used on the local area network

83
Q

What does Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) do?

A

Eliminates the need for a central server to obtain addresses

84
Q

What is a Multicast Address?

A

Used to identify a set of interfaces

85
Q

What is an Anycast Address?

A

Used to identify a set of interfaces for packet transmission to any member

86
Q

What is Extended Unique Identifier (EUI)?

A

Allows a host to assign itself a unique 64-bit IPv6 interface identifier

87
Q

What does DHCPv6 Protocol do?

A

Allows DHCP to automatically assign addresses from a DHCPv6 server

88
Q

What is the function of Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)?

A

Used to determine Layer 2 addresses on a network

89
Q

What is a Port in networking?

A

Logical communication endpoint on a computer or server

90
Q

What is an Inbound Port?

A

Logical communication opening on a server listening for client connections

91
Q

What is an Outbound Port?

A

Logical communication opening created on a client to connect to a server

92
Q

What are Well-Known Ports?

A

Ports 0 to 1023 assigned by IANA

93
Q

What are Registered Ports?

A

Ports 1024 to 49151 usually assigned to proprietary protocols

94
Q

What are Dynamic or Private Ports?

A

Ports 49152 to 65535 used by any application without IANA registration

95
Q

What ports does File Transfer Protocol (FTP) use?

A

Ports 20, 21
Provides insecure file transfers

96
Q

What does Secure Shell (SSH) provide?

A

Secure remote control of another machine
-port 22

97
Q

What port does Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) use?

A

Port 22
Provides secure file transfers

98
Q

What port does Telnet use?

A

Port 23
Provides insecure remote control of another machine
using a text-based environment

99
Q

What is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) used for?

A

Sending emails over the network
port 25

100
Q

What is the primary function of Domain Name Service (DNS)?

A

Converts domain names to IP addresses and vice versa
port 53

101
Q

What does Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) do?

A

Automatically provides network parameters like IP address and subnet mask
port 67, 68

102
Q

What port does Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) use?

A

Port 80
Used for insecure web browsing

103
Q

What port does Post Office Protocol Version Three (POP3) use?

A

Port 110
Used for receiving incoming emails

104
Q

What ports does Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS) use?

A

Ports 137, 139
Used for file or printer sharing in a Windows network

105
Q

What port does Internet Mail Application Protocol (IMAP) use?

A

Port 143
A newer method of retrieving incoming emails which
improves upon the older POP3

106
Q

What ports does Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) use?

A

Ports 161, 162
Used to collect data about network devices and monitor
their status

107
Q

What port does Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) use?

A

Port 389
Used to provide directory services to your network

108
Q

What port does Hypertext Transfer Protocol – Secure (HTTPS) use?

A

Port 443
Used as a secure and encrypted version of web browsing
▪ SSL (Secure Socket Layer)
▪ TLS (Transport Layer Security)

109
Q

What port does Server Message Block (SMB) use?

A

Port 445
Used for Windows file and printer sharing services

110
Q

What port does Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) use?

A

Port 3389
o Provides graphical remote control of another client or
server
o RDP provides a full graphical user interface

111
Q

What type of protocol is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?

A

Connection-oriented protocol

112
Q

What kind of protocol is User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?

A

Unreliable, connectionless protocol

113
Q

What applications typically use TCP?

A

SSH, HTTP, HTTPS

114
Q

What applications typically use UDP?

A

Audio, video streaming, DHCP, TFTP

115
Q

What port is Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) used on?

A

● Ports 69
● a connectionless protocol that uses UDP as
its transport

CompTIA A+ (25 decks)

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