NET-05-P1 IP & Routing Concepts Flashcards
The most common numbering system consists of ten numbers, 0-9 and it is called the decimal system. The system is based on the 10 fingers we used to count and is known as the base-10 numeral system
Decimal
is an alternative number system that consists of only two numbers:0 and 1. This system is used by computers, which communicate by transmitting negative and positive electrical currents
Binary
is a number system that consists of 16 characters, and is known as the base-16 numeral system.
Hexadecimal
Formula for Positional Notation
[number] = [digit] * [base] ^ [position]
divide the binary number into groups of 4 digits
Binary to Hex
8 numbers in the binary conversion table
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Data, devices (end and intermediary), media,
refer to panopto video for answer
enable inter-network communication, and can provide services such ACL and NAT, which are required in any networking scheme
Routers
operates at a speed of 100 mbps and uses the media standard 100BaseT
Fast Ethernet Interface
supports speeds faster than 1000 mbps. uses media standard 1000baseT but can also support 100 mbps
Gigabit Ethernet Interface
used for long distance transmissions. If two serial ports need to communicate with each other, they must be synchronized with the same clock frequency and allocate the necessary bandwidth
Serial Interface
multiple people sharing to a group
multicast
a backdoor or service entrance into a router
Console
devices need rules. router interfaces need to be set up with IP addresses, similar to computer network interfaces
Interface Configuration
virtual or logical interface under router that is not physical
Loopback interface
provision your physical interface and put an IP address
Loopback interface configuration
sharing in a group amongst everyone
Multicast
one person sharing to everyone
broadcast
moves packet to one LAN to another LAN
Router
In the first step, the router decides whether to process a packet or ignore it. Routers will ignore packets with errors, or packed they don’t know how to process
Routing Process: Examination
In the second step, the router examines the Layer 2 address to decide if the packet was intended for itself (the default gateway), and verifies the integrity of the frame using the FCS (Layer 2 trailer
Routing Process: Decapsulation
In the third step, The router decides where to forward the packet to, based on its destination IP address and the routing table
Routing Process: Decision-making
In the fourth step, the router re-encapsulates the packet with new Layer 2 Leaders for the next hop, according to the decision made in step 3. (Think of encapsulate like an envelope. Like writing a love letter or a voice message into a packet. If it is well formed it will go through. if not it will not be sent.)
Routing Process: Encapsulation
In the fifth step, after a decision is made, the router forwards the packet to the interface from which the packet must exit
Routing Process: Forwarding
If there is no static or dynamic route in the network device’s routing table, it will forward the packet to its default gateway or last resort
No Route
If there is no gateway of last resort and the destination packet is not listed, the router will discard the packet
No gateway
This table contains data stored in the router, with lists of routes to possible network destinations
The Routing Table
This command displays the routing table and is run in Enable Mode
Show IP route
When inspecting the routing table, records identified by the codes C or L indicate directly connected networks
Directly Connected / Local Route
This route in the Routing table codes are configured and recorded manually, and are identified in the routing table by the letter S
Static Route
This route in the Routing table codes are identified with unique letters that indicate the dynamic protocol as Follows:
D - EIGRP routing protocol
O - OSPF routing protocol
R - RIP routing protocol
Dynamic Route
addresses consist of 32 bits for addressing and it is divided into 4 sections of 8 also called dotted decimal notation
IPv4
is also 32 bits and to tell the computer what portion of the IP address is for the network
Subnet Mask
divides IPv4 space into 5 classes, based on the 4 Leading address bits
Classful Addressing
What are Private IP addresses also called
RFC1918 - Request for Comment
What are the Private IP Ranges
- 0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 - Large networks - A
- 16.0.0 - 171.31.255.255 - medium networks - B
- 168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 - small networks - C
has larger IP space - 128 bits - represented with hexadecimal
IPv6
first step: a full address contains all 8 blocks, with 4 hexadecimal digits
Compressing IP addresses: Full address
second step: The first rule allows us to discard leading zeros in a block, making the address a bit shorter
Compressing IP addresses: Leading Zeros
third step: If two or more blocks contain consecutive zeros, they can be omitted and replaced with double colon signs (::)
Compressing IP addresses: Consecutive Zeros
fourth step: if there is a block that consists of 4 zeros, but without a consecutive zero-filled block, it can be replaced with a single zero
Compressing IP addresses: Zero Block
IPv6 unicast addresses that can be assigned to multiple devices.
Anycast
similar to IPv4 public address and is unique and can be routed via internet
Global Unicast
FE80::/`10 hint: Fetty Wap
Link-local
