NET-02-P1 Network Fundamentals

Question 1

represents the endpoint device (not necessarily a PC) that requested an operation

Answer 1

Client

Question 2

Represents the endpoint device that receives a quest and perms the requested operation

Answer 2

Server

Question 3

is a distributed application structure that manages tasks and workloads by sharing them among providers of resources and services (servers), and delivers responses to service requesters (clients)

Answer 3

Client-Server relationship

Question 4

is an unsecure protocol used to transfer information over the web.

Answer 4

HTTP

Question 5

is the encrypted version of version of HTTP

Answer 5

HTTPS

Question 6

Translates domain names to IP addresses according to predefined databases

Answer 6

DNS

Question 7

is used to transfer files over the network

Answer 7

FTP

Question 8

service is responsible for assigning an IP address to each device on a network configured to use DHCP, such as PCs, Routers, Firewalls, Servers, etc.

Answer 8

DHCP

Question 9

is standard protocol for mail transfer over the internet

Answer 9

SMTP

Question 10

is a secure command line protocol that allows the user to run remote commands on a remote machine

Answer 10

Secure Shell - SSH

Question 11

used by network devices to generate error messages when IP packets are not able to reach their destinations

Answer 11

ICMP

Question 12

the concept behind creating a networking model was to set a standard for the development and usage of network components

Answer 12

The Network Model Concept

Question 13

is a network model which each functionality of the network is represented by a layer

Answer 13

OSI

Question 14

The first TCP/IP specification was submitted several years after the OSI model

Answer 14

TCP/IP

Question 15

defines a network framework to implement protocols in layers

Answer 15

OSI - Open System Interconnection

Question 16

Users interact directly with applications that operate at this level

Answer 16

Layer 7 - Application

Question 17

prepares or translates data from application format to network format, and vice versa

Answer 17

Layer 6 - Presentation

Question 18

is responsible for creating a session two devices.

Answer 18

Layer 5 - Session

Question 19

handles coordination of data transfer between end systems and hosts, including how much data to send, , at what rate, destination, etc. Data in this layer is organized into segments

Answer 19

layer 4 - Transport

Question 20

organizes data into packets called IP datagrams that contain logical source and destination addresses

Answer 20

Layer 3 - Network

Question 21

provides node-to-node data transfer (between two directly connected nodes)

Answer 21

Layer 2 - Data Link

Question 22

defines the details of how data of how data is physically sent through the network

Answer 22

Layer 1 - Physical

Question 23

When a message is sent from source to destination, it must have a specific format or structure. Message formats depend on the type of message and the channel used to deliver it

Answer 23

Data Encapsulation

Question 24

layer creates an HTTP header requesting the web page from the server

Answer 24

Application - Layer 7

Question 25

layers encodes, encrypts, or compresses the data traveling down from the Application layer, if necessary.

Answer 25

Presentation - Layer 6

Question 26

layer determines the direction of the data: one way ot two-way, and whether the connection is secure or not.

Answer 26

Session - Layer 5

Question 27

layer adds a header containing the source and destination logical ports

Answer 27

Transport - Layer 4

Question 28

This layer also divides data from upper layers into smaller pieces called

Answer 28

Segments

Question 29

internet streaming, content streaming uses this

Answer 29

UDP

Question 30

uses flags to provide additional useful information or control the connection

Answer 30

TCP

Question 31

is responsible for communication between network devices that use TCP

Answer 31

3-way handshake

Question 32

3 steps including:

1. ) the client sends “SYN”
2. ) The server responds with “SYN-ACK”
3. ) The client finalizes with “ACK”

Answer 32

3-Way Handshake*

Question 33

is the last stage of a TCP connection. When communication ends and the session is closed

Answer 33

Session Termination

Question 34

4 steps include:

1. ) One of the sides (client) requests to close the connection by sending a FIN flag to the other side (server)
2. ) The receiver of the FIN flag (server) returns an ACK flag, to approve the request.
3. ) The server then sends a FIN flag to the client
4. ) The client approves the FIN request by the server, and responds with an ACK flag. The connection is then terminated

Answer 34

Session Termination*

Question 35

in the “well-known” port range are assigned to commonly used and essential protocls

Answer 35

0-1023

Question 36

IANA assigned these ports for IT companies that want register them for proprietary

Answer 36

1024 - 49151

Question 37

This group covers the remaining logical ports that are available for any application.

Answer 37

49152 - 65535

Question 38

To inspect open ports, use the command

Answer 38

netstat -ab

Question 39

What are the 7 layers of the OSI models

Answer 39

Application, Presentation, Session, transport, Network, Data link, Physical

Question 40

how to memorize the layers

Answer 40

All People Seem To Need Data Processing