Nervous Tissue (Since Exam 1)

Question 1

Consist of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 2

consists of nerves extending toward or away from CNS and ganglia

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

aggregations of nerve cell bodies outside CNS

Answer 3

ganglia

Question 4

cells responsible for conduction, propagation and reception of nervous impulses. Axons and dendrites extend from these

Answer 4

neurons

Question 5

cells associated with neurons. No axons or dendrites. involved with nutrition, support, insulation, and protection of neurons

Answer 5

glial cells

Question 6

_____ matter: neuron perikarya (cell bodies), glial cells, axons, dendrites, synapses

Answer 6

gray

Question 7

______ matter: axons + myelin sheaths and glial cells. No neuron perikarya, no synapses.

Answer 7

white

Question 8

nerve cell body, contains nucleus and typical cell organelles

Answer 8

perikaryon

Question 9

in the perikaryon, large, large amount of euchromatin, Barr body in females

Answer 9

nucleus

Question 10

in the perikaryon, has a bunch of this for synthesis of structural and transport proteins, Nissle Bodies

Answer 10

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Question 11

in perikaryon, pigments vessels/deposits, function unknown, lipofusion deposits that increase with age

Answer 11

inclusions

Question 12

pigment that increases with age

Answer 12

lipofuscin

Question 13

cell process, may be branched, forms receptive area for synaptic contacts from other neurons. neurons have more than one of these

Answer 13

dendrite

Question 14

a single, long, thin cell process extending away form the perikaryon, may be branched, ends of branches form synapses with other neurons or muscle cells. each neuron only has one of these

Answer 14

axon

Question 15

myelinates in the CNS

Answer 15

oligodendroglia

Question 16

myelinates in the PNS

Answer 16

Schwann cells

Question 17

pyramid shape region where axon originates from the perikaryon

Answer 17

axon hillock

Question 18

unmyelinated initial portion of axon

Answer 18

initial segment

Question 19

axons carry electrical impulses ( ____ ____) to synapses at ends of axons.

Answer 19

action potentials

Question 20

specialized junctions with other cells that are along the length or at end of an axon
- act as transmission points for electrical impulses

Answer 20

synapse

Question 21

synapses at the end of an axon or axon branches are swollen into a club shape

Answer 21

boutons terminaux

Question 22

synapses along the length of axon result in _______ (swellings) in the axon called

Answer 22

Varicosities

boutons en passage

Question 23

this is a space between the presynaptic membrane of the axon and the plasmalemma of the cell the receives the synaptic input

Answer 23

synaptic gap or cleft

Question 24

part of the plasmalemma of a cell that receives input

Answer 24

postsynaptic membrane

Question 25

name two neurotransmitters

Answer 25

acetylcholine and serotonin

Question 26

many small vesicles in the bouton that contain neurotransmitters

Answer 26

synaptic vesicles

Question 27

more than two processes (one axon plus multiple dendrites) | most of the neurons of the brain and spinal cord are this type

Answer 27

multipolar neurons

Question 28

two major processes (axon and dendrite) but may be branched at ends, in sensory structures . retina, cochlea, and olfactory epithelium

Answer 28

bipolar neurons

Question 29

two major process that are fused along portions closest to perikaryon, found in spinal ganglia and some cranial ganglia

Answer 29

psuedounipolar neurons

Question 30

type of neuron, efferent, action potential moves from CNS to effector organ (e.g. muscle)

Answer 30

motor neurons

Question 31

type of neuron: afferent, action potential moves from sensory organ to CNS, associated with pancinian corpuscles ( touch, pressure)

Answer 31

sensory neurons

Question 32

type of neuron, form connections between neurons

Answer 32

interneurons

Question 33

glial cells in the CNS

Answer 33

Astrocytes Oligodendroglia microglia ependymal cells

Question 34

two types of astrocytes

Answer 34

1. protoplasmic astrocytes | 2. fibrous astrocytes

Question 35

glial cell in the PNS

Answer 35

Schwann cells | satellite cells

Question 36

provide physical support for neurons, store glycogen, isolate synaptic areas form one another contribute to BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER

Answer 36

astrocytes

Question 37

type of astrocyte thicker and shorter found in gray matter

Answer 37

protoplasmic astrocytes

Question 38

type of astrocyte long and slender found in white matter

Answer 38

fibrous astrocytes

Question 39

Myelinate in the CNS | must be cultured with neurons in order to get neurons to grow in tissue culture

Answer 39

oligodendrocyte

Question 40

type of glial cell, elongated, stain dark and dense, can move around in brain tissue

Answer 40

microglia

Question 41

line the cavities within the CNS | circulates cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 41

ependymal cells

Question 42

in peripheral nervous system (PNS) | form myelin sheaths

Answer 42

Schwann cells

Question 43

nerves are surrounded by a thick connective tissue sheath called the _______. It extends into the nerve and between the fascicles

Answer 43

epineurium

Question 44

groups of axons, each one of which is unsheathed by single or multiple folds of a sheath shell

Answer 44

nerve fibers

Question 45

each bundle (or fascicle ) of axons is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the

Answer 45

perineurium

Question 46

each axon within a bundle is individually surrounded by a lever of reticular connective tissue called the

Answer 46

endoneurium

Question 47

_____ acts to insulate axons, speeds up the conduction of electrical impulses

Answer 47

myelin

Question 48

these slow down the condition due to gaps in the myelin sheath

Answer 48

nodes of ranvier

Question 49

the _____ the nodes of Ranvier along a given axon , the faster the transmission

Answer 49

fewer

Question 50

involuntary component to the nervous system called

Answer 50

autonomic nervous system

Question 51

autonomic nervous system is important int

Answer 51

control of smooth muscle secretion of some glands cardiac rhythm

Question 52

neurotransmitter is norepinephrine (enhances activity)

Answer 52

sympathetic nervous system

Question 53

neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (slows activity)

Answer 53

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 54

neurotransmitter for sympathetic

Answer 54

norepinephrine (speeds up activity)

Question 55

neurotransmitter for parasympathetic

Answer 55

acetylcholine (slows down activity)

Question 56

cerebellum is composed of many folds called

Answer 56

folia

Question 57

cerebrum is composed of many folds called

Answer 57

gyri

Question 58

three regions of gray matter in cerebellum

Answer 58

outer: molecular layer middle: purkinje layer (largest in the brain) inner: granular layer (smallest neurons in the human body)

Question 59

5 types of receptors of sensory structures

Answer 59

1. somatic (skin) and visceral (organs) receptors 2. proprioceptors 3. chemoreceptors 4. audio receptors 5. photoreceptors

Question 60

type of receptors of sensory structures: pain pressure, vibration and temperature

Answer 60

somatic (skin) and visceral (organs) receptors

Question 61

type of receptors of sensory structures: sensitive to ones position in space, ear and receptors of muscular info

Answer 61

proprioceptors

Question 62

type of receptors of sensory structures: taste and smell

Answer 62

chemoreceptors

Question 63

type of receptors of sensory structures: hearing

Answer 63

audioreceptors

Question 64

type of receptors of sensory structures: sight

Answer 64

photoreceptors

Question 65

the most numerous sensory structure in your body, | found in hairless skin (tips of fingers, palms, soles of feet, lips, nipples)

Answer 65

TOUCH: meissner's corpuscles

Question 66

``` found in deep layer of dermis, hypodermis, loose CT, external genitalia, respond to vibrations and pressure function in proprioception ```

Answer 66

PRESSURE AND VIBRATIONS: Pancinian corpuscles

Question 67

glial cell in the PNS, found surrounding neurons in ganglia

Answer 67

satellite cells