Circulatory System Flashcards
2 major components of the circulatory system
- cardiovascular system
2. lymph vascular system
6 components of the cardiovascular system
- heart
- arteries
- arterioles
- capillaries
- venules
- veins
2 parts of the lymph vascular system
- blind ended lymphatic capillaries
2. larger lymphatic vessels
2 major components of the cardiovascular system
- arterial system
2. venus system
2 major circulatory loops
- systemic loop
2. pulmonary loop
three layers of a blood vessel
inner: tunica intima
tunica media
outer: tunica adventitia
tunica intima is made of ____ ____ ____ called the ____
simple squamous epithelium
endothelium
in muscular arteries, a band of elastin is present in the intima, directly adjacent to the underlying tunica media called the ____ ____ ____
internal elastic membrane (lamina)
this layer encircles the tunica intima
consists of smooth muscle, collagen (type 3), elastin, and various proteoglycans
tunica media
in muscular arteries a layer of elastin called the __ ___ ___ separates the intima front he media
internal elastic lamina (membrane)
in LARGER muscular arteries, an ____ ____ ____ may separate the media from the outer adventitia layer
external elastic lamina (membrane)
also called the tunica externa
- connective tissue layer outside the tunica media, high content of collagen and elastic fibers in extracellular matrix between fibroblasts
- gradually becomes continuous with the connective tissue of the organ/ tissue the vessel is in
tunica adventitia
in larger vessels a net work of small blood vessels called the __ _____ is present in the adventitia
vasa vasorum
the internal elastic membrane is a predominant feature in
muscular arteries
tunica media consists of a thick smooth muscle layer with as many as 40 layers of smooth muscle encircling the artery
muscular arteries
small arterial vessels 0.04-0.4 mm in diameter
arterioles
connect larger arterioles to capillaries
less than 40 um in diameter
metarterioles
in capillaries, cells called ____ may be sporadically found between the basal lamina and the endothelial cells. these cells may be able o contract and thus constrict capillaries
pericytes
capillary walls are formed from ___ ___ ___ called _______, which is surrounded by a ___ ____
simple squamous epithelium
endothelium
basal lamina
the circumference of the endothelial wall of a capillary is formed by 2-3 squamous cells held together by ______ or ____ _____
occluding or gap junctions
3 types of capillaries
- continuous capillaries
- fenestrated or perforated capillaries
- sinusoïdal capillaires or Sinusoids
type of capillary where
no fenestrae or pores in wall
most capillaries are of this type
continuous capillaries
type of capillary where
fenestrations penetrate the endothelia cells
- found in tissues where rapid exchange of substances occurs
ex: glomeruli of kidney
fenestrated or perforated capillaries
type of capillary where
- highly convoluted with enlarged diameter
- open spaces (pores) are present between the endothelial cells
- phagocytic cells present in endothelial layer
- in liver, bone marrow, spleen
sinusoidal capillaires or Sinusoids
in continuous, as well as other types of capillaries, macromolecules can also be passed into or out of the circulatory system by what might be called ____ ______
transcellular pinocytosis
those venules directly connected to capillaries
- 30-200um in diameter
- wall lack smooth muscle cells
- incomplete layer of pericytes
post capillary venules
beyond the [pst capillary venues
- 0.2-1mm in diameter
- intima lacks subendotheilial layer of CT
- very thin media with few smooth muscle cells
- well developed adventitia rich in collagen fibers
venules
as venule size increases, the amount of smooth muscle ____
increases
the process utilized by monocytes to pass through capillary or venule calls is called _____ (extravasation, transendothelial migration) - the act of leukocytes squeezing through small spaces between cells
diapedesis
1-9mm in diameter
- intima usually has thin sub-endothelial layer
- thin media
- well developed adventitia rich in collagen fibers
small to medium sized veins
4 components of the heart
- fibrous CT skeleton
- three layers (tunics)
a. endocardium
b. myocardium
c. epicardium - valves
- an electrical impulse conducting system
like tunica intima in the heart
- simply a continuation of tunica intima
endocardium
like tunica media, but cardiac muscle
myocardium
consists of fascicles of cardiac muscle cells and impulse (action potentials) generating and conducting system of the heart
myocardium
cardiac muscle cells specialized for impulse (action potential) generation and impulse conduction
- scattered along innermost portion of the myocardium in the ventricle, next to endocardium
purkinje fibers
like tunica adventitia, but in heart
- epithelium and CT severing the heart
epicardium
squamous to cubiodal epithelial external lining
- a continuation of the pericardium that lines there pericardial cavity
mesothelium or epicardium
muscle disease
myopathy
small purplish spot on body surface. such as the skin or mucous membranes, caused by a minute hemorrhage and often seen in lymph
petechial hemorrhages
rocky mountain spotted fever
cardiomyopathy
caused by rickettsia rickettsia
rocky mountain spotted fever
___ _____ begin with blind ended capillaries that originate in the CT of nearly all parts of the body
Lymph Vessels
all lymphatic vessels eventually drain into 2 large ducts
- thoracic duct
- right lymphatic duct
in the neck
lymph vessel in lamina propria of small intestine that extends into a villus
lacteal
