Deseases for Exam 2 Flashcards
rocky mountain spotted fever is also known as/causes
cardiomyopathy
myopathy =
muscle disease
rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by
tick: rickettsia rickettsia
rocky mountain spotted fever is characterized by the presence of ____ ____ occurring on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
petechial hemorrhages
small purplish spot on body surface, such as skin or mucus membranes, caused by a minute hemorrhage on after seen in lymph
petechial hemorrhages
in rocky mountain spotted fever, the _____ shows mononuclear cell infiltration
myocardium
greek word meaning gruel or paste
athero
greek word meaning hardness
sclerosis
hardening of the arteries
atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis is caused by the build up (called a ___) of fatty substance, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium, and other substances in the tunica intima of an artery
plaque
atherosclerosis is caused by the build up (called a plaque) of fatty substance, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium, and other substances in the ___ __ of an artery
tunica intima
(atherosclerosis ) if a blockage happens in a vessel carrying blood to heart muscle
heart attack
(atherosclerosis ) if blockage happens in a vessel carrying blood to the brain
stroke
(atherosclerosis ) if blockage happens in a vessel carrying blood to arm or leg, can cause weakness and eventually necrosis
gangrene
atherosclerotic aneurysm of the aorta usually rupture around ____ cm in size
- can be felt on physical examination as a ___ ___ in the abdomen
6-7cm
pulsatile mass
most atherosclerotic aneurysms are conveniently located below the renal arteries so that surgical resection can be performed with placement of a ____ ___
dracon graft
new growth , tumor
- proliferation of malignant plasma cells in bone marrow- form lytic zones in marrow
- most common: 10% of lymphohematopoietic malignancies
plasma cell neoplasia
one of the more com one lymphatic cancers in adults, diagnosed with lymph node biopsy, arises from B lymphocytes
follicular lymphoma
abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in an organ
follicular hyperplasia
hyperplasia is ___ a carcinoma or an adenoma
NOT
a malignant tumor
carcinoma
a benign tumor
adenoma
caused by overproduction of corticosteriods (cortisol)
Cushing’s syndrome
symptoms: upper body obesity, rounded face, slow growth rate, severe fatigue, weak muscle, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, irritability, anxiety, depression,
- women have hair on face, neck and chests
Cushing’s syndrome
Cushing’s syndrome is caused by
overproduction of corticosteriods (cortisol)
treatment for Cushing’s syndrome
drugs sometimes effective
- partial or total adrenolectomy
total adrenolectomy causes ___ ___ in 5-10% of patients
- causes enlargement of pituitary, overproduction of pituitary hormones
- person muse take corticosteriods for life
Nelson’s syndrome
excess of thyroid hormone resulting from an overactive thyroid gland
hyperthyroidism
increased heart rate, weight loses, depression and cognitive slowing are symptoms of
hyperthyroidism
the follicles are small and there is considerate scalloping around edges of the colloid due to overproduction of thyroid hormone
hyperthyroidism
bad breath
halitosis
calcareous concretion that forms in palatine and lingual tonsil crypts
- not usually harmful, but can cause halitosis (bad breath)
tonsilloliths
or tonsil stones
reduction in blood flow and oxygen
ischemia
twisting
torsion
soap production
saponification
giant peritoneal loose body
forms from fatty acids combining with calcium, and it can detach fro wall of colon and ends up free in peritoneal cavity.
sometimes associated with bowel obstruction but usually harmless
giant peritoneal loose body
DMD=?
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
symptoms progressive muscle weakness usually in a wheel chair by early teens respiratory muscle eventually involved death in late teens to early 30s
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy are caused by a defect in _____, a protein important in anchoring muscle fibers to the exrtacellular matrix
dystrophin
in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, the absence of dystrophin allows excess ____ to enter the muscle cell. this somehow eventually causes causes damage to the sarcolemma and the cell dies
Ca++
inheritance for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is an ___ linked recessive conditions, hence ____ are affected and ____ are carriers
X linked recessive condition
males are affected and females are carriers
