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Histology Exam 2 > Lymphoid System > Flashcards

Lymphoid System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lymphoid system?

A

provides a pathway for fluid that escapes the cardiovascular system to be returned to it

  • provides pathway for cells of the immune system to move between different parts of the body
  • protects the internal environment of the body
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2
Q

three type of lymphoid tissue

A
  1. unencpsulated
  2. incompletely encapsulated
  3. completely encapsulated
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3
Q

2 major components of the lymphoid system

A
  1. lymph vascular network

2. organs associated with the network

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4
Q

organ/tissue of the lymphatic system (6)

A
  1. lymph nodes
  2. spleen
  3. thymus
  4. tonsils and adenoids
  5. appendix
  6. aggregation of lymph nodules such as Peyer’s Patches
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5
Q

act to filter cellular and particulate debris out of extracellular fluids
- sites of residence, activation, and proliferation of cells of the immune system

A

lymph organs

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6
Q

3 encapsulated lymph organs

A
  1. thymus
  2. spleen
  3. lymph nodes
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7
Q

incompletely encapsulated lymph organs/tissues

A

palantine tonsils
lingual tonsils
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

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8
Q

unencapsulated (diffuse lymphoid tissue)

A

peyer’s pathces
lymphoid tissue in appendix
temporary aggregations of lymphocytes and other immune system cells that can occur anywhere in the body

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9
Q

two major cell types of lymphoid organs

A
  1. fixed cells

2. motile (free) cells

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10
Q

fixed cells

A

reticular cells

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11
Q

connective tissue cells that secrete fine matrix of reticular fibers which these cells extend ectoplasmic processes through and around
- type of fixed cell

A

reticular cells

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12
Q

motile cells (free)

A

macrophages
dedritic cells (antigen presenting cells )
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes (plasma cells )

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13
Q

antigen presenting cells

A

dendritic cells

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14
Q

differentiate from monocytes and leave blood, phagocytose bacteria and particulates, involved in initiation of humoral and cell mediated immune response

A

macrophages and dendritic cells

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15
Q

involved in initiation go humoral immune response, and involved in cell mediated immune response

A

T lymphocytes

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16
Q

secrete specific antibodies

A

plasma cells

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17
Q

3 major cell types involved in immune response

A

antigen presenting cells (dendrite and macrophages)
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes

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18
Q

process antigens and present them to T lymphocytes, this will rest in the activation of these cells which will then initiate humoral and/or cell mediated immune response

A

antigen presenting cells (dendrite and macrophages)

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19
Q

once activated, these cells may be responsible for cell mediated immune responses or they may be involved in the activation of B lymphocytes to produce antibodies in a humoral immune response

A

T lymphocytes

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20
Q

responsible for antibody production- the humoral immune response to an antigen that results in the secretion of antibodies by B lymphocytes that have become plasma cells

A

B Lymphocytes

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21
Q

what is an immune response

A

involves the recognition of foreign antigens by certain lymphatic cells

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22
Q

a molecule that, in its make up, has characteristics that will cause the activation of certain cells in the immune system

A

antigen

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23
Q

the portion of foreign molecules that immune system cells recognize are called

A

epitopes

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24
Q

______ are often parts of protein molecules that form part of the cell membrane or wall of organisms that invade the bodies tissues

A

epitopes

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25
Q

2 types of immune responses

A
  1. cell mediated immune response

2. humoral immune response

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26
Q

secretion of antibodies that bind to a foreign antigen by B lymphocyte plasma cells

A

humoral immune response

27
Q

____ ____ are activated B lymphocytes

are short lived and secrete copious amounts of antibody that are specific for a given antigen

A

plasma cells

28
Q

_____ act to identify foreign cells for attacks by other components of the immune system such as T lymphocytes and macrophages
- can also identify particulates and viruses for phagocytosis and destruction by other leukocytes such as neutrophils

A

antibodies

29
Q

_____ _____ ____ remain dormant and will rapidly respond to future encounters with the same antigen by rapid clonal proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells that produce the needed antibody

A

B lymphocyte memory cells

30
Q

antigen activates T lymphocytes to produce cytotoxic substances that cause the destruction of the antigen containing cell
- causes clonal proliferation of Tc lymphocytes -Tc effector cells

A

cell mediated immune response

31
Q

actively kill invading foreign cells in cell mediated immune response

A

Tc effector cells

32
Q

2 basic types of lymphoid tissue

A
  1. Non-nodular lymphoid tissue

2. Nodular lymphoid tissue

33
Q

unencapsulated, sub epithelial, aggregations of lymphocytes - diffuse lymphoid tissue,
thymus
lymph nodes
spleen

A

non nodular lymphoid tissue

34
Q

spherically arranged aggregations of lymphocytes with a distinct cortex and medulla that are called lymphatic nodules
nonencapsulated lymph nodes
nodules in lymph nodes
nodules in spleenic white pulp

A

nodular lymphoid tissue

35
Q
  • consists of dense aggregations of lymphocytes with a few other cells types such as macrophages.
  • consists of a cortex and medullary germinal center
  • NO CT CAPSULE
  • found in lamina propria of digestive tract, respiratory tract and urinary passages
  • component of lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils and appendix
A

lymphatic nodule

36
Q

germinal center not very evident

A

primary nodule

37
Q

germinal center VERY evident

A

secondary nodule

38
Q

aggregation of lymph nodules in small intestine cell of ileum

A

Peyer’s Patches

39
Q

oval or bean shaped bodies present along the course of lymphatic vessels. multiple lymph vessels my connect to this
- contains a stroma consisting or reticular cells and fibers and large numbers of lymphocytes, all surrounded by a CT capsule

A

lymph nodes

40
Q

lymph nodes are surrounded by a

A

connective tissue capsule

41
Q

in a lymph node, there are ____ that extend radially into the node, part of CT capsule

A

trabeculae

42
Q

3 types of tonsils

A
  1. panatine
  2. pharyngeal (adenoids)
  3. lingual
43
Q

on the left and right in the rear area of the oral cavity

  • overlying epithelium form invaginations called crypts that penetrate into the band of nodules
  • has capsule CT
A

palantine tonsils

44
Q

_____ in palatine tonsils act as collecting places for cellular debris and bacteria as well as a place where live lymphocytes and macrophages can wander about

45
Q

lie beneath a typical ciliated pseudo stratified columnar respiratory epithelium in rear roof of pharynx

  • diffuse lymphoid tissue containing nodules, but NO CRYPTS
  • a thin capsule of dense CT underlies lymphoid tisse
A

Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

46
Q

situated at the base of the tongue

  • each one consists of numerous lymphoid nodules surrounding a single crypt
  • the crypt is lined by a non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
A

lingual tonsils

47
Q

situated over the heart where great vessels connect

48
Q

important in early life

  • proliferation and maturation center for T lymphocytes
  • has multiple lobes, each containing a cortical and medullary region
49
Q

cell types found in thymus

A 
T lymphoblasts 
T lymphocytes
 reticular cells 
macrophages 
plasma cells 
mast cells 
unidentified mesenchymal cells
50
Q

site of T lymphocyte production- division of T lymphoblast cells

  • considerable mitotic activity of T lymphoblasts
  • reticular cells are less numerous in this area and have thin and long processes that envelope groups of developing thymocytes
A

cortical layer of thymus ( in an active thymus)

51
Q

contains many reticular cells and fewer T lymphoblasts and lymphocytes than the cortex, also contains specialized structures known as Hassall’s corpuscles

A

medullary zone of thymus

52
Q

there are no ____ lymphatic vessels connecting to the thymus

53
Q

only present in the cortex, acts to prevent most blood born foreign antigens from reaching developing thymocytes- presumed important in allowing T lymphocytes to develop properly

A

blood -thymus barrier

54
Q

largest piece of lymphatic tissue in the body

55
Q

filter of blood in an immune response, and also removing worn out erythrocytes from circulation

56
Q

functions of the spleen (5)

A
  1. production of blood cells during embryogenesis
  2. destruction of erythrocytes
  3. recycling of ferritin from worn out erythrocytes for synthesis of hemoglobin
  4. immune response
  5. storage of erythrocytes
57
Q

in embryo, erythrocytes, neutrophils, basophils, ans eosinophils are produced in the _____. this stops around the time of birth

58
Q

worn out erythrocytes are phagocytosed and digested by macrophages in the

59
Q

hemoglobin is broken down into _____ and ____

A

bilirubin

ferritin

60
Q

_____ is returned to the blood and carried to the liver where it is excreted and passed out of body as part of the bile that is released into the lumen of the duodenum

61
Q

the spleen is surrounded by a dense connective tissue _____ that extends processes (_____) into lymphatic tissue of this organ

A

capsule

trabeculae

62
Q

pulp that has lymphatic nodules

A

white pulp of spleen

63
Q

pulp that does not have lymphatic nodules

A

red pulp of spleen

Histology Exam 2 (6 decks)

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