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Biosci 107 (Cells and Tissues) > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

Central and Peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What is inside the Central nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord and optic nerve

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3
Q

What is inside the Peripheral nervous system?

A

All nervous tissue outside the Central nervous system

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4
Q

What are the two divisions within the peripheral nervous system?

A

Sensory/Afferent and Motor/Efferent divisons

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5
Q

What does the Sensory/Afferent division of the peripheral nervous system do?

A

Brings information to the Central nervous system

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6
Q

What does the Motor/Efferent division of the peripheral nervous system do?

A

Brings information from the Central nervous system to organs, muscles and glands

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7
Q

What are the 3 main functions that the nervous system has?

A

Sensory: Detection of internal and external stimuli to send to the central nervous system

Integrative: Analysis and storing information

Motor: Stimulation of muscles and glands through the peripheral nervous system

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8
Q

What are the two types of cells in nervous tissue?

A

Neurons and Neuroglia

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9
Q

How long can neurons be?

A

Up to 1m long

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10
Q

What are the components of a neuron?

A

Cell body, dendrites and an axon

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11
Q

Is the dendrite the input or output of the neuron?

A

Input

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12
Q

Is the axon the input or output of the neuron?

A

Output

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13
Q

Do neurons divide?

A

No

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14
Q

Do neurons have a low or high metabolic rate?

A

High metabolic rate, as they die quickly without oxygen

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15
Q

What are the 4 types of neurons?

A

Multipolar, Bipolar, Unipolar and Anaxonic neurons

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16
Q

What is the most common type of neuron in the body?

A

Multipolar neurons

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17
Q

How many dendrites do Multipolar neurons have?

A

2 or more

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18
Q

All motor neurons are what type of neuron?

A

Multipolar neurons

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19
Q

How many axons do multipolar neurons have?

A

One

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20
Q

How many dendrites do bipolar neurons have?

A

One dendrite into the cell body

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21
Q

How many axons do bipolar neurons have?

A

One

22
Q

What types of functions are bipolar neurons involved in?

A

Special senses (Sight, Smell, Hearing, etc.)

23
Q

What is special about the dendrites and axon in a unipolar neuron?

A

They are continuous, one line that doesn’t pass through the cell body

24
Q

In relation to the axon and dendrites of a unipolar neuron, where is the cell body?

A

Off to one side, not in line with the axon

25
Q

What is special about the dendrites and axons in an anaxonic neuron?

A

You can’t anatomically tell the difference between them

26
Q

Where are anaxonic neurons found?

A

In the brain and special sense organs

27
Q

How well understood are anaxonic neurons?

A

Very poorly understood

28
Q

In which sections of the nervous system are neuroglia found?

A

Both the central and peripheral nervous system

29
Q

Can neuroglia divide?

A

Yes

30
Q

How do neuroglia communicate?

A

Chemicals

31
Q

What are the functions of neuroglia?

A

Physical structure, tissue repair, nutrient supply to neurons, regulating interstitial fluid around neurons and phagocytosis

32
Q

What are the types of central nervous system neuroglia?

A

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia and Ependymal Cells

33
Q

What shape are astrocytes?

A

Star-shaped

34
Q

What is the largest neuroglia?

A

Astrocytes

35
Q

How are astrocytes organised?

A

Into a syncytium (network)

36
Q

What is the key role of the Astrocyte?

A

To maintain a stable environment around neurons (e.g. by regulating ions) and to maintain the blood-brain barrier

37
Q

Other than maintaining the blood-brain barrier, what else can Astrocytes do?

A

They can support and repair nervous tissue and communicate with neurons via gliotransmitters (e.g. glutamate)

38
Q

What is the role of an oligodendrocyte?

A

To form a myelin sheath (protein lipid layer) around central nervous system axons

39
Q

How many neurons can oligodendrocytes myelinate?

A

More than one

40
Q

What do microglia do?

A

They are phagocytic, so clean up dead nervous tissue or invading bacteria

41
Q

What creates cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Ependymal cells

42
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A

Create cerebrospinal fluid, move it around our brain and also monitor its quality

43
Q

Where are ependymal cells found?

A

Anywhere where cerebrospinal fluid is found (ventricles in brain and central canal of spinal cord)

44
Q

What does cerebrospinal fluid do?

A

Provides a mechanical buffer and moves nutrients and waste

45
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system’s equivalent of the Oligodendrocyte?

A

The Schwann cell

46
Q

How many axons can a Schwann cell myelinate?

A

One

47
Q

How many axons can a Schwann cell support, without providing a myelin sheath?

A

Multiple

48
Q

What is the central nervous system’s equivalent to the Schwann cell?

A

The Oligodendrocyte

49
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system’s equivalent to the astrocyte?

A

The Satellite cell

50
Q

What do satellite cells do?

A

They surround cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system to support them and regulate fluid exchange

51
Q

What is the central nervous system’s equivalent to the Satellite cell?

A

The Astrocyte

Biosci 107 (Cells and Tissues) (7 decks)

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