Nervous Tissue

Question 1

What are the two main subdivisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Central and Peripheral nervous system

Question 2

What is inside the Central nervous system?

Answer 2

Brain, spinal cord and optic nerve

Question 3

What is inside the Peripheral nervous system?

Answer 3

All nervous tissue outside the Central nervous system

Question 4

What are the two divisions within the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 4

Sensory/Afferent and Motor/Efferent divisons

Question 5

What does the Sensory/Afferent division of the peripheral nervous system do?

Answer 5

Brings information to the Central nervous system

Question 6

What does the Motor/Efferent division of the peripheral nervous system do?

Answer 6

Brings information from the Central nervous system to organs, muscles and glands

Question 7

What are the 3 main functions that the nervous system has?

Answer 7

Sensory: Detection of internal and external stimuli to send to the central nervous system

Integrative: Analysis and storing information

Motor: Stimulation of muscles and glands through the peripheral nervous system

Question 8

What are the two types of cells in nervous tissue?

Answer 8

Neurons and Neuroglia

Question 9

How long can neurons be?

Answer 9

Up to 1m long

Question 10

What are the components of a neuron?

Answer 10

Cell body, dendrites and an axon

Question 11

Is the dendrite the input or output of the neuron?

Answer 11

Input

Question 12

Is the axon the input or output of the neuron?

Answer 12

Output

Question 13

Do neurons divide?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

Do neurons have a low or high metabolic rate?

Answer 14

High metabolic rate, as they die quickly without oxygen

Question 15

What are the 4 types of neurons?

Answer 15

Multipolar, Bipolar, Unipolar and Anaxonic neurons

Question 16

What is the most common type of neuron in the body?

Answer 16

Multipolar neurons

Question 17

How many dendrites do Multipolar neurons have?

Answer 17

2 or more

Question 18

All motor neurons are what type of neuron?

Answer 18

Multipolar neurons

Question 19

How many axons do multipolar neurons have?

Answer 19

One

Question 20

How many dendrites do bipolar neurons have?

Answer 20

One dendrite into the cell body

Question 21

How many axons do bipolar neurons have?

Answer 21

One

Question 22

What types of functions are bipolar neurons involved in?

Answer 22

Special senses (Sight, Smell, Hearing, etc.)

Question 23

What is special about the dendrites and axon in a unipolar neuron?

Answer 23

They are continuous, one line that doesn’t pass through the cell body

Question 24

In relation to the axon and dendrites of a unipolar neuron, where is the cell body?

Answer 24

Off to one side, not in line with the axon

Question 25

What is special about the dendrites and axons in an anaxonic neuron?

Answer 25

You can't anatomically tell the difference between them

Question 26

Where are anaxonic neurons found?

Answer 26

In the brain and special sense organs

Question 27

How well understood are anaxonic neurons?

Answer 27

Very poorly understood

Question 28

In which sections of the nervous system are neuroglia found?

Answer 28

Both the central and peripheral nervous system

Question 29

Can neuroglia divide?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

How do neuroglia communicate?

Answer 30

Chemicals

Question 31

What are the functions of neuroglia?

Answer 31

Physical structure, tissue repair, nutrient supply to neurons, regulating interstitial fluid around neurons and phagocytosis

Question 32

What are the types of central nervous system neuroglia?

Answer 32

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia and Ependymal Cells

Question 33

What shape are astrocytes?

Answer 33

Star-shaped

Question 34

What is the largest neuroglia?

Answer 34

Astrocytes

Question 35

How are astrocytes organised?

Answer 35

Into a syncytium (network)

Question 36

What is the key role of the Astrocyte?

Answer 36

To maintain a stable environment around neurons (e.g. by regulating ions) and to maintain the blood-brain barrier

Question 37

Other than maintaining the blood-brain barrier, what else can Astrocytes do?

Answer 37

They can support and repair nervous tissue and communicate with neurons via gliotransmitters (e.g. glutamate)

Question 38

What is the role of an oligodendrocyte?

Answer 38

To form a myelin sheath (protein lipid layer) around central nervous system axons

Question 39

How many neurons can oligodendrocytes myelinate?

Answer 39

More than one

Question 40

What do microglia do?

Answer 40

They are phagocytic, so clean up dead nervous tissue or invading bacteria

Question 41

What creates cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 41

Ependymal cells

Question 42

What do ependymal cells do?

Answer 42

Create cerebrospinal fluid, move it around our brain and also monitor its quality

Question 43

Where are ependymal cells found?

Answer 43

Anywhere where cerebrospinal fluid is found (ventricles in brain and central canal of spinal cord)

Question 44

What does cerebrospinal fluid do?

Answer 44

Provides a mechanical buffer and moves nutrients and waste

Question 45

What is the peripheral nervous system's equivalent of the Oligodendrocyte?

Answer 45

The Schwann cell

Question 46

How many axons can a Schwann cell myelinate?

Answer 46

One

Question 47

How many axons can a Schwann cell support, without providing a myelin sheath?

Answer 47

Multiple

Question 48

What is the central nervous system's equivalent to the Schwann cell?

Answer 48

The Oligodendrocyte

Question 49

What is the peripheral nervous system's equivalent to the astrocyte?

Answer 49

The Satellite cell

Question 50

What do satellite cells do?

Answer 50

They surround cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system to support them and regulate fluid exchange

Question 51

What is the central nervous system's equivalent to the Satellite cell?

Answer 51

The Astrocyte