Epithelial Cells (Shapes, Arrangements, Combinations and Purposes) Flashcards
Simple arrangements of epithelial cells consist of how many layers of cells?
One
Stratified arrangements of epithelial cells consist of how many layers of cells?
Two or more
Pseudostratified arrangements of epithelial cells consist of how many layers of cells?
One, but they look like they have more
Squamous epithelial cells are what shape?
Flat and thin
Flat and thin squamous epithelial cells help with what?
Diffusion
Cuboidal epithelial cells are what shape?
Cuboidal, Equally tall and wide
Cuboidal shaped epithelial cells help with what?
Secretion and absorption
Columnar epithelial cells are what shape?
Columnar, taller than they are wide
Columnar shaped epithelial cells help with what?
Secretion and absorption
Transitional epithelial cell formations are in what arrangement?
Stratified
Transitional epithelial cell formations can do what with their shape?
Change their shape and stretch (as can be found in the urinary bladder)
How do simple squamous epithelium formations look?
Thin, flat and irregular, like fried eggs or paving stones
Where are simple squamous epithelium formations found?
Where there is filtration, diffusion, secretion or where slippery surfaces are needed.
What do mesothelium simple squamous epithelium formations line?
Cavities such as the pericardial cavity, pleural cavity and peritoneal cavity
What do endothelium simple squamous epithelium formations line?
The inside of the heart and blood and lymphatic vessels
How do simple cuboidal epithelium formations look?
Cuboidal or hexagonal boxes
What is the distance between adjacent nuclei in simple cuboidal epithelium formations?
Approximately the same as the height of the epithelium
What are simple cuboidal epithelium formations good for?
Secretion and Absorption
How do simple columnar epithelium formations look?
Often hexagonal, with taller and more slender cells.
In relation to the distance between nuclei, how tall are the epithelial cells in simple columnar epithelium formations?
Several times taller than the distance between nuclei
Are there more organelles in cells within columnar epithelium than squamous or cuboidal epithelium?
Yes, because they are longer and contain more cytoplasm
Are columnar cells more, less or just as metabolically active as squamous cells?
More
Can non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium have microvilli?
Yes, on the apical surface of the cell
Can non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium formations have goblet cells?
Yes, though interspersed
Can ciliated simple columnar epithelium formations have microvilli?
No, because they have cilia instead
Can ciliated simple columnar epithelium formations have goblet cells?
Yes
In stratified squamous epithelium formations, cells further from the basement membrane are ___ and ___ ___
In stratified squamous epithelium formations, cells further from the basement membrane are thinner and less active
In stratified squamous epithelium formations, cells closer to the basement membrane may appear to be in which shapes?
Cuboidal or Columnar
Where are stratified squamous epithelium formations located?
In areas where mechanical or chemical stresses are severe
Stratified squamous epithelium formations can protect against what?
Microbes
Apical cells in stratified squamous epithelium formations in places where mechanical stress and dehydration are major issues are packed with what?
Keratin
Keratinised apical cells in stratified squamous epithelium formations allow the formation to be ___ and ___
tough and waterproof
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium formations are found where?
The skin
Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium formations are found where?
Throat, Mouth, Tongue,
Do all the cells in pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium formations connect to the basement membrane?
Yes
Do all the cells in pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium formations reach the apical surface of the tissue?
No
Can pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium have goblet cells?
Yes
What is the purpose of pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium formations?
To secrete mucus out of goblet cells and move it
Can pseudo-stratified non-ciliated columnar epithelium have goblet cells?
No
What is the purpose of pseudo-stratified non-ciliated columnar epithelium formations?
For absorption and protection
Where can glands be found secreting substances into?
Into ducts, onto surfaces and into blood
Glands can consist of how many cells?
At least one, but can be more
Exocrine glands secrete substances where?
Into ducts that empty onto a surface, covering or lining epithelium
What are some examples of exocrine glands?
Sweat, salivary, oil and wax glands as well as the pancreas
The effects of exocrine glands are relatively local or distant to the gland?
Local
Endocrine glands secrete substances where?
Directly into the blood through interstitial fluid
What are some examples of endocrine glands?
Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid and Parathyroid glands
The effects of endocrine glands are relatively local or distant to the gland?
Distant
What do microvilli do?
Increase the cell surface area
What do cilia do?
Move material across the surface of the cell
One tubular portion for a duct is a ___ exocrine gland
Simple Tubular
Several tubular secretory portions for a duct is a ___ exocrine gland
Simple branched tubular
A coiled secretory portion for a duct is a ___ exocrine gland
Simple coiled tubular
One bulbous secretory portion for a duct is a ___ exocrine gland
Simple acinar
Several bulbous secretory portions for a duct is a ___ exocrine gland
Simple branched acinar
Multiple simple branched tubular secretory portions for a duct is a ___ exocrine gland
Compound tubular
Multiple simple branched acinar secretory portions for a duct is a ___ exocrine gland
Compound acinar
Multiple simple branched tubular and acinar secretory portions for a duct is a ___ exocrine gland
Compound tubuloalveolar
