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Biosci 107 (Cells and Tissues) > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are two other names for muscle cells?

A

Muscle fibres and Myocytes

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2
Q

What is the purpose of muscle?

A

To convert ATP (energy molecule) into a force

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A

Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth Muscle

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4
Q

Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by ___

A

Tendons

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5
Q

How do skeletal muscles appear under the microscope?

A

Striated - Striped, with the nuclei stuffed to the side of the cell

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6
Q

Is skeletal muscle under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Usually voluntary

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7
Q

What shape are skeletal muscle fibres?

A

Cylindrical

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8
Q

What is the smallest skeletal muscle, where is it, and how long is it?

A

Stapedius, in the inner ear, stabilising the stapes bone, 1.25mm long

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9
Q

What is the longest skeletal muscle, where is it, and how long is it?

A

Sartorius, from the hip to the knee, acting as a knee flexor, up to 60cm long

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10
Q

How long can skeletal muscle cells be?

A

Between 1mm-30cm+

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11
Q

Are skeletal muscle cells multinucleate?

A

Yes, many peripheral nuclei pushed to the side

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12
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscle?

A

Posture, Motion, Heat Production and Protection

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13
Q

What is the cell membrane of a muscle cell called?

A

Sarcolema

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14
Q

What is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell called?

A

Sarcoplasm

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15
Q

What are the tubular structures within a muscle cell?

A

Myofibrils

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16
Q

In relation to the length of the muscle cell, how long are myofibrils

A

They extend the full length of the muscle cell

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17
Q

What are the two types of filaments in a Myofibril?

A

Thin and thick myofilaments

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18
Q

What are thin myofilaments made of?

A

Actin

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19
Q

What are thick myofilaments made of?

A

Myosin

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20
Q

Do myofilaments extend the full length of the cell?

A

No

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21
Q

What are the repeating compartments of myofilaments called?

A

Sarcomeres

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22
Q

What are the “borders” of a Sarcomere?

A

Z discs/lines

23
Q

What layer of connective tissue surrounds anatomical muscle?

A

Epimysium

24
Q

What does the Epimysium do?

A

Prevents muscles from sticking together and gives them structure

25
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

A group of muscle cells within a muscle

26
Q

What surrounds fascicles?

A

Perimysium

27
Q

What layer surrounds individual muscle cells (not the sarcolema)?

A

Endomysuim

28
Q

Where are capillaries and nerves found in the muscle?

A

In the endomysuim surrounding each cell

29
Q

What part of the sarcomere contains all the thick myofilaments (including some thin filaments)?

A

A Band

30
Q

What part of the sarcomere only contains thin myofilaments?

A

I Band

31
Q

What part of the sarcomere only contains thick myofilaments?

A

H Zone

32
Q

Where is the M Line?

A

In the middle of the sarcomere

33
Q

What does the M Line do?

A

Hold thick myofilaments together

34
Q

Does the Z Disc/Line go through the I band?

A

Yes

35
Q

What is the Z Disc/Line made of?

A

Actinins

36
Q

What do Actinins do between sarcomeres?

A

Link the thin myofilaments between sarcomeres

37
Q

Is Cardiac muscle striated?

A

Yes

38
Q

What is the shape of cardiac muscle?

A

Branched

39
Q

How do cardiac muscle cells join together end-to-end?

A

Through intercalated discs

40
Q

What junctions do intercalated discs contain?

A

Desmosomes and Gap Junctions

41
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found?

A

In the heart

42
Q

Where are cardiac muscle nuclei found?

A

In the centre of the cell

43
Q

Is cardiac muscle under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Involuntary

44
Q

Is smooth muscle striated?

A

No

45
Q

Where are smooth muscle cells found?

A

In the walls of hollow internal structures (Intestines, Blood vessel walls, etc.)

46
Q

What is the shape of smooth muscle cells?

A

Short, small, spindle-shaped

47
Q

Is smooth muscle under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Involuntary

48
Q

In smooth muscle cells, thin and thick myofilaments attach to what?

A

Dense bodies

49
Q

Functionally, dense bodies on smooth muscle cells are similar to what?

A

Z Discs/Lines

50
Q

What is a major protein in Dense bodies?

A

Actinin

51
Q

What are the non-contractile elements that also connect to dense bodies in smooth muscle cells?

A

Intermediate filaments

52
Q

Due to the presence of intermediate filaments on smooth muscle cells, the cell can’t ___ when contracting, but instead it ___

A

collapse, twists

53
Q

Where are smooth muscle nuclei found?

A

In the centre of the cells

Biosci 107 (Cells and Tissues) (7 decks)

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