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Biosci 107 (Cells and Tissues) > Connective Tissues (Classifications and Types) > Flashcards

Connective Tissues (Classifications and Types) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two classifications of connective tissue?

A

Embryonic and Mature

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2
Q

What are the two types of embryonic connective tissues?

A

Mesenchyme and Mucous

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3
Q

What does mesenchyme connective tissue give rise to in a mature individual?

A

Gives rise to all other connective tissues in a mature individual

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4
Q

What does mesenchyme connective tissue consist of?

A

Mesenchymal cells in a semi-fluid ground substance containing reticular fibres

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5
Q

What does mucous connective tissue consist of?

A

Widely scattered fibroblasts embedded in a jelly-like ground substance

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6
Q

Where is mucous connective tissue found?

A

In the umbilical cord of a foetus

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7
Q

What are the three types of mature connective tissues?

A

Connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues and supporting connective tissues

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8
Q

Connective tissue proper can be divided into ___ and ___ connective tissue

A

Loose and Dense

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9
Q

“Loose” connective tissue means…

A

More cells, less fibres

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10
Q

“Dense” connective tissue means…

A

More fibres, less cells

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11
Q

What are 3 types of loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar, Adipose and Reticular connective tissue

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12
Q

What is the most common connective tissue?

A

Areolar

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13
Q

What protein fibres are present in Areolar connective tissue?

A

Collagen, Reticular and Elastic fibres

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14
Q

Where can Areolar connective tissue be found?

A

Widely distributed around almost every structure like a packing material

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15
Q

What are the two types of Adipose connective tissue?

A

White and Brown

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16
Q

What is the most dominant cell in Adipose connective tissue?

A

Adipocytes

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17
Q

What are the purposes of Adipose connective tissue?

A

Energy storage, insulation and temperature control

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18
Q

White Adipose connective tissue is responsible for ___

A

Energy storage

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19
Q

Brown Adipose connective tissue is responsible for ___

A

Heat production (very important in infancy)

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20
Q

Where is adipose connective tissue found?

A

Places where fat accumulates (Buttocks, flanks, abdomen, orbit of the eye etc.)

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21
Q

What is the predominant protein fibre in Reticular connective tissue?

A

Reticular fibres

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22
Q

Where is Reticular connective tissue found?

A

In a supporting framework around lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen and tonsils), bone marrow and liver

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23
Q

What are 3 types of dense connective tissue?

A

Regular, Irregular and Elastic

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24
Q

Where is Dense Regular connective tissue found?

A

Tendons, Aponeuroses (muscle to muscle connections)

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25
Q

What is Dense Regular connective tissue comprised of?

A

Regularly arranged collagen fibres

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26
Q

Is Dense Regular connective tissue slow or quick to heal?

A

Slow due to having only a relatively small amount of cells, which are crucial in the healing process

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27
Q

What colour is Dense Regular connective tissue?

A

Shiny white

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28
Q

What is the main purpose of Dense Regular connective tissue?

A

Attachment

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29
Q

What is the difference in fibre arrangement between Dense Regular and Irregular connective tissues?

A

Fibres are not arranged in parallel bundles in Dense Irregular connective tissue

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30
Q

What is the predominant cell type in Dense Irregular connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts, though they are scattered sparsely across the tissue

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31
Q

Where is Dense Irregular connective tissue found?

A

In the dermis of the skin and the Lamina Propria of the gastrointestinal tract

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32
Q

What fibres are found in Dense Elastic connective tissue?

A

Elastic and Collagen fibres

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33
Q

What do the presence of Elastic and Collagen fibres within Dense Elastic connective tissue allow attached tissues to do?

A

Return to their original length after stretching

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34
Q

Where is Dense elastic connective tissue found?

A

Arterial walls and lungs

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35
Q

Cartilage comprises of a dense network of ___ and ___ ___

A

Collagen and elastic fibres

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36
Q

3 types of Cartilage are…

A

Hyaline, Elastic and Fibrocartilage

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37
Q

What cell type is predominant in cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

38
Q

Hyaline cartilage is relatively weak or strong?

A

Relatively Weak

39
Q

What is the structure of Hyaline cartilage?

A

A resilient gel, in which fibres are present but not obvious

40
Q

What is the purpose of Hyaline cartilage?

A

To provide flexibility and movement while also holding shape

41
Q

Where can Hyaline cartilage be found?

A

Anterior ends of ribs, respiratory cartilage (Nose, trachea, bronchi, etc.)

42
Q

What is the most abundant type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

43
Q

What does Elastic cartilage consist of?

A

Elastic and Collagen fibres with proteoglycans

44
Q

In terms of physical properties, what does Elastic cartilage provide?

A

Rigid support and elasticity

45
Q

Where can elastic cartilage be found?

46
Q

Is Fibrocartilage tough or weak?

47
Q

What makes Fibrocartilage tough?

A

Thick bundles of collagen fibres dispersed throughout the matrix

48
Q

Where can Fibrocartilage be found?

A

Knee and Jaw joints

49
Q

What are the two types of bone that can be found in a single bone?

A

Compact and Spongy bone

50
Q

Where is Compact bone in relation to the bone itself?

A

The outer layer, forming the shaft of long bones

51
Q

What is another name for Compact bone?

A

Cortical bone

52
Q

What is stored in Compact bone?

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

53
Q

What is the purpose of Compact bone?

A

Protection and support

54
Q

What does Compact bone have that Spongy bone doesn’t have?

A

Osteons (Haversian systems)

55
Q

What shape are Osteons?

A

Rod-shaped, running the long axis of a long bone

56
Q

What are the 4 components present in one Osteon?

A

Lamellae, Lacunae, Canaliculi and the Central (Haversian) canal

57
Q

What are the lamellae in an Osteon?

A

Small concentric rings of mineralised salts (for hardness) and collagen (for tensile strength)

58
Q

What are two examples of mineralised salts that may be present in lamellae?

A

Calcium phosphate and Calcium hydroxide (which together form hydroxyapatite)

59
Q

What are the lacunae in an Osteon

A

Small spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

60
Q

What are the canaliculi in an Osteon?

A

Miniature canals that radiate from lacunae and provide routes for oxygen, nutrients and waste

61
Q

What is in the Central (Haversian) canal of an Osteon?

A

Blood and Lymphatic vessels and nerves

62
Q

Where is Spongy bone in relation to the bone itself?

A

Underneath the compact bone

63
Q

What is the structure of Spongy bone?

64
Q

What is another name for Spongy bone?

A

Cancellous bone

65
Q

Are there Osteons in Spongy bone?

66
Q

Are there Osteons in Compact bone?

67
Q

What are the two types of bone marrow?

A

Red and Yellow

68
Q

What is the purpose of yellow bone marrow?

A

Triglyceride (fat) storage

69
Q

What is the purpose of red bone marrow?

A

Production of red blood cells

70
Q

What are the main bone cells?

A

Osteogenic cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes and Osteoclasts

71
Q

When are Osteogenic cells present?

A

When bone is first formed

72
Q

What do Osteogenic cells do?

A

Start to lay down collagen before they get trapped in that collagen

73
Q

What happens to Osteogenic cells trapped in collagen?

A

They become Osteoblasts

74
Q

What do Osteoblasts do?

A

Lay down more collagen and start the mineralisation process, starting the laying down of new bone

75
Q

What happens to Osteoblasts that become trapped within the Extracellular matrix of bone?

A

They become Osteocytes

76
Q

What do Osteocytes do?

A

Maintain bone tissue, remodel new bones and exchange and transfer nutrients and wastes through the bone via gap junctions

77
Q

Are Osteoclasts large or small?

78
Q

Are Osteoclasts single or multinucleated?

A

Multinucleated

79
Q

How are Osteoclasts formed?

A

Formed from the fusion of blood monocytes

80
Q

What is the purpose of Osteoclasts?

A

To break down bone

81
Q

What is the extracellular matrix of blood?

A

Blood Plasma

82
Q

What are the formed elements of blood?

A

Red Blood cells, Platelets, Eosinophil, Basophil, Neutrophil, Monocytes, Macrophages, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes

83
Q

What is another name for Red Blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

84
Q

What is the purpose of Red Blood cells?

A

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

85
Q

What is another name for Platelets?

A

Thrombocytes

86
Q

What is the purpose of Platelets?

87
Q

What are the purposes of Eosinophils?

A

To counter certain parasitic worms and in acute allergic response

88
Q

Are Basophils mobile or stationary?

89
Q

What is the purpose of Basophils?

A

To release substances that intensify inflammatory reaction

90
Q

Are Neutrophils and Monocytes phagocytic?

91
Q

T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are involved in the ___ response

A

Immune response

Biosci 107 (Cells and Tissues) (7 decks)

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