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Biosci 107 (Cells and Tissues) > Body Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Groups of cells that work together to perform a particular function

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2
Q

What is an organ?

A

Biological structures with specific fucntions composed of two or more types of tissue

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3
Q

What part of the body contains the integumentary system?

A

The skin

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4
Q

What are the three layers of the integumentary system?

A

The Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis

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5
Q

Where is Vitamin D produced?

A

In the Epidermis of the skin

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6
Q

Which layer of the integumentary system contains nerve structures, hair follicles and sebaceous glands?

A

The Dermis

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7
Q

What does the Dermis do for the Epidermis?

A

It supports it and supplies it with nutrients

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8
Q

What does the hypodermis do?

A

Attaches the skin to deeper tissues

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9
Q

Aside from the three layers of skin, what three other things can be found in the integumentary system?

A

Sweat glands (including the Mammary glands), Sensory receptors and nails

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10
Q

What is the main purpose of sweat glands?

A

For thermoregulation (evaporative cooling from sweat)

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11
Q

What are the purposes of the muscular system?

A

Provide movement and support the skeleton, controlling entrances and exits to the digestive, respiratory and urinary system, heat production and soft tissue protection

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12
Q

The muscles that provide support and positioning for the axial skeleton are ___ muscles

A

Axial muscles

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13
Q

The muscles that move, support and brace limbs are ___ muscles

A

Appendicular muscles

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14
Q

Bone to muscle connections are called what?

A

Tendons

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15
Q

Muscle to Muscle connections are called what?

A

Aponeuroses

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16
Q

What is the purpose of tendons and aponeuroses?

A

To convert contractile forces into tasks

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17
Q

The skull, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, sternum and their supporting cartilages and ligaments are all part of the ___ skeleton

A

Axial skeleton

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18
Q

What are the purposes of the axial skeleton?

A

To support body weight over the lower limbs and to protect the brain, spinal cord, sense organs and soft tissues of the thorax

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19
Q

Bones not part of the axial skeleton are part of the ___ skeleton

A

Appendicular skeleton

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20
Q

What are the types of bone marrow?

A

Red and Yellow

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21
Q

What is the purpose of red bone marrow?

A

Red blood cell production in flat bones (pelvis, sternum, skull, ribs)

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22
Q

What is the purpose of yellow bone marrow?

A

Fat cell storage (in the medullary cavity of long bones)

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23
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

A

The Central and Peripheral nervous system

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24
Q

What is in the central nervous system?

A

The brain, spinal cord and optic nerve

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25
Q

What is the purpose of the brain?

A

To complete complex integrative activities and control voluntary and involuntary processes within the body

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26
Q

What is the purpose of the spinal cord?

A

To relay information to and from the brain and to perform less complex integrative activities (eg. the reflex arc)

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27
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system do?

A

Link the central nervous system with other body systems and sense organs

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28
Q

What glands/organs are in the endocrine system?

A

Pineal gland, Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid glands, Thymus, Adrenal glands, Kidneys, Pancreas and Gonads

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29
Q

What gland(s)/organ(s) in the endocrine system is/are responsible for controlling Day/Night rhythms?

A

The Pineal gland

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30
Q

What gland(s)/organ(s) in the endocrine system is/are responsible for controlling other endocrine glands and regulating growth and fluid balance?

A

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

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31
Q

What gland(s)/organ(s) in the endocrine system is/are responsible for regulating the metabolic rate and calcium levels?

A

The Thyroid and Parathyroid glands (Only calcium levels)

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32
Q

What gland(s)/organ(s) in the endocrine system is/are responsible for the maturation of lymphocytes?

A

The Thymus

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33
Q

What gland(s)/organ(s) in the endocrine system is/are responsible for regulating water and mineral balance, tissue metabolism and cardiovascular and respiratory function using various hormones?

A

The Adrenal Glands

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34
Q

What are some of the hormones secreted by the adrenal glands?

A

Aldosterone (to regulate water and mineral balance)
Cortisol (to regulate tissue metabolism)
Adrenaline (To regulate cardiovascular and respiratory function)

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35
Q

What gland(s)/organ(s) in the endocrine system is/are responsible for red blood cell production, maintaining blood pressure and regulating calcium levels?

A

The Kidneys

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36
Q

What gland(s)/organ(s) in the endocrine system is/are responsible for glucose control?

A

The Pancreas

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37
Q

What gland(s)/organ(s) in the endocrine system is/are responsible for sexual characteristics and reproduction?

A

Gonads

38
Q

What glands/organs/other components are in the lymphatic and immune system?

A

Lymphatic vessels, Lymphatic fluid, B and T Lymphocytes, Lymph Nodes (including Tonsils), Spleen and Thymus

39
Q

What is lymphatic fluid comprised of?

A

Lipids (fats and fatty acids) and water

40
Q

What is the purpose of lymphatic vessels?

A

To carry lymphatic fluid and lymphocytes from peripheral tissues to the veins of the cardiovascular system

41
Q

What are B and T Lymphocytes?

A

Cells that carry out immune responses

42
Q

What do Lymph Nodes (including Tonsils) do?

A

Monitor the composition of lymphatic fluid and stimulate the immune response

43
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

Monitor blood cell circulation, stores platelets, recycles red blood cells and produces immune responses like a large lymph node

44
Q

What is included in the cardiovascular system?

A

The Heart, Blood Vessels and Blood

45
Q

What does the heart do?

A

Propels blood and maintains blood pressure

46
Q

What are the 3 different types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, Veins and Capillaries

47
Q

Do arteries carry blood away from or to the heart?

A

Away from the heart

48
Q

Where do arteries carry blood to?

A

Capillaries

49
Q

What is the purpose of capillaries?

A

To enable diffusion between the blood and interstitial fluids

50
Q

Do veins carry blood away from or to the heart?

A

To the heart

51
Q

Which vessels return blood from the capillaries to the heart

A

Veins

52
Q

Which vessels carry blood from the heart to capillaries?

A

Arteries

53
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A

To act as a transport system for oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones and waste, while also helping thermoregulation, acid-base balance and the immune response with immune cells

54
Q

What components make up the respiratory system?

A

The Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi and Lungs

55
Q

What is the purpose of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses?

A

To filter warm, humid air and detect smells

56
Q

What is the purpose of the pharynx in the respiratory system?

A

To conduct air to the larynx

57
Q

What is the purpose of the Larynx?

A

To protect opening to the trachea and to contain the vocals cords for vocalisation

58
Q

What is the purpose of the trachea?

A

To conduct air between the larynx and the bronchi

59
Q

What is the purpose of the bronchi?

A

To conduct air between the trachea and the lungs

60
Q

What is the purpose of the lungs?

A

To move air, perform gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and to help control the acid-base level of the blood

61
Q

Where in the lungs is gas exchange conducted?

A

Alveoli

62
Q

What components make up the digestive system?

A

The Oral Cavity, Salivary Glands, Pharynx, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Large Intestine and Anus

63
Q

What is the purpose of the oral cavity?

A

To break up food with the teeth and tongue

64
Q

What is the purpose of the Salivary glands?

A

To lubricate food and secrete digestion enzymes

65
Q

What is the purpose of the pharynx in the digestive system?

A

Sends solid food and liquids to the oesophagus

66
Q

What is the purpose of the oesophagus?

A

To deliver food to the stomach

67
Q

What is the purpose of the stomach?

A

To secrete acid and enzymes to further digest food

68
Q

What is the purpose of the small intestine?

A

To secrete more digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients from food

69
Q

What is the purpose of the liver?

A

To secrete bile and regulate nutrients in the blood

70
Q

What is the purpose of the gall bladder?

A

To store and concentrate bile

71
Q

What is the purpose of the pancreas in the digestive system?

A

To secrete digestive enzymes

72
Q

What is the purpose of the large intestine and anus?

A

To remove water from waste, store the waste and dispose of it.

73
Q

What components make up the urinary system?

A

The Kidneys, Ureters, The Bladder and Urethra

74
Q

What is the purpose of the kidney in the urinary system?

A

To create urine and regulate blood volume, pressure, pH and ions

75
Q

What is the purpose of the ureters?

A

To conduct urine to the bladder

76
Q

What is the purpose of the bladder?

A

To store urine prior to elimination

77
Q

What is the purpose of the Urethra?

A

To conduct urine to the exterior

78
Q

What is found in the male reproductive system?

A

Testes, Epididymis, Ductus Deferens, Seminal Glands, Prostate Gland, Urethra, Penis and Scrotum

79
Q

What is the purpose of the testes?

A

To produce sperm and other hormones

80
Q

What is the purpose of the epididymis?

A

To store sperm as they mature

81
Q

What is the purpose of the Seminal and Prostate glands?

A

To produce seminal fluid

82
Q

What is the purpose of the Ductus Deferens?

A

To transport sperm from the epididymis

83
Q

What is the purpose of the urethra in the male reproductive system?

A

To conduct sperm to the exterior

84
Q

What is the purpose of the penis and scrotum?

A

For reproduction and thermal control of the testes

85
Q

What is found in the female reproductive system?

A

Ovaries, Uterine Tubes, Uterus, Vagina and External Genitalia and Mammary Glands

86
Q

What is the purpose of the ovaries?

A

To store and release oocytes and produce hormones

87
Q

What is the purpose of the fallopian tubes?

A

To deliver the oocyte to the uterus and is the location of fertilisation

88
Q

What is the purpose of the uterus?

A

It is the location of embryonic development

89
Q

What is the purpose of the Vagina and external genitalia?

A

For lubrication, sperm reception and to act as the birth canal once embryonic development is completed

90
Q

What is the purpose of the Mammary glands in the female reproductive system?

A

To provide nutrition for new-born babies

Biosci 107 (Cells and Tissues) (7 decks)

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