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Histology block 2 > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what are 2 other names for cell body?

A

soma and perikaryon

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2
Q

what is another term for RER in neurons?

A

Nissl substance

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3
Q

why can it be hard to see dendrites and axon on slides?

A

due to lack of nissl substance

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4
Q

describe dendrites

A

branches from the soma that are connections from other neurons

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5
Q

how many axons per neuron (typically)?

A

one

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6
Q

where is the white matter in the cerebral cortex? gray matter?

A

white matter- inner

gray matter- outer

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7
Q

what composes the white matter?

A

mostly myelinated axons

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8
Q

what composes the gray matter?

A

neurons and glia

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9
Q

what are the 3 layers of the cerebellum?

A

outer- molecular layer
middle- Purkinje layer
inner- granular layer

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10
Q

what is the appearance of Purkinje cells with nissl stain?

A

only the soma is visible

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11
Q

what is the appearance of Purkinje cells with golgi (silver) stain?

A

see dendritic tree extending toward outer, molecular layer

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12
Q

what is the shape of gray matter in the spinal cord?

A

“H”

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13
Q

compare the location of white and gray matter in each the brain and spinal cord

A

brain- outer-gray, inner-white

spinal cord- outer- white and inner-gray

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14
Q

where are the motor neurons found in the spinal cord?

A

ventral horn

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15
Q

what is another name for a collection of axons in the PNS?

A

nerve

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16
Q

why do axons stain lightly?

A

high lipid content

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17
Q

where are motor neuron cell bodies? axons?

A

cell body-CNS

axon-PNS

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18
Q

where does the PNS begin?

A

outside of the spinal cord, in the spinal canal where sensory axons enter and motor axons leave the spinal cord

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19
Q

what is the shape of a sensory ganglion’s axon?

A

T-shaped axon with long peripheral branch that goes to body, long central branch that enters spinal cord and short stem that connects to soma

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20
Q

where are the cell bodies of sensory ganglia?

A

in the dorsal root ganglia

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21
Q

where is the DRG located?

A

intervertebral foramen of the vertebral column

22
Q

describe the development of sensory ganglia axons

A

bipolar in early development, then 2 axons merge to form pseudo unipolar structure

23
Q

what is a ganglion?

A

a small collection of neurons in the PNS

24
Q

describe postganglionic neurons?

A

short dendrites and unmyelinated axons to smooth muscle and glands

25
Q

how can DRG be differentiated from autonomic ganglion microscopically?

A

1- satellite cells more prominent in DRG

2- dendrites present in autonomic ganglia, asbent in DRG

26
Q

what covers unmyelinated axons?

A

cell membrane of Schwann cells

27
Q

what is another term for myelin layers?

A

lamellae

28
Q

how are Nodes of Ranvier seen in longitudinal section?

A

appear as tapered areas of myelin

29
Q

what is a synaptic bouton?

A

comtat point of axon with another neuron

30
Q

what is the small space between bouton and dendrite?

A

synaptic cleft

31
Q

what embryologic tissue is the source of most CNS neuroglial cells?

A

neuroectoderm (except for microglia)

32
Q

what is the function of oligodendroglia?

A

produce myelin in CNS

33
Q

what is the structure and function of fibrous astrocytes?

A

in white matter, long and slender processes

induce formation of BBB

34
Q

what is the structure and function of protoplasmic astrocytes?

A

in gray matter, thick and bushy processes

induce formation of BBB

35
Q

what is the function of ependymal cells?

A

line ventricles in brain and central canal or spinal cord and involved in production of CSF

36
Q

what are microglia?

A

macrophages that enter the CNS during development and phagocytize injured tissue

37
Q

what is the source of microglia?

A

bone marrow

38
Q

how many axons does a single Schwann cell myelinate?

A

one

39
Q

how many axons does a single olidodendroglia cell myelinate?

A

several

40
Q

what are Schmidt-Lantermann Clefts?

A

areas of disrupted myelin in PNS

41
Q

what are the functions of satellite cells?

A

assist in regeneration after nerve injury

42
Q

where are satellite cells found?

A

around neurons in ganglia like DRG or autonomic ganglia

43
Q

what is the embryologic origin of peripheral glial cells?

A

neural crest cells

44
Q

what types of fibers are carried by peripheral nerves?

A

motor and sensory

45
Q

what is the outer covering that covers bundles of fascicles?

A

epineurium

46
Q

what is the perineurium?

A

covers each fascicle and extends between fascicles, essential to blood-nerve barrier

47
Q

what is the inner covering that extends within fascicles but outside of myelin?

A

endoneurium

48
Q

what is an astrocytoma?

A

tumor or neuroglial cells

49
Q

what stain is used to identify astrocytomas?

A

GFAP IHC stain

50
Q

what are schwannomas?

A

benign tumors of schwann cells (Ex- acoustic neuroma)

51
Q

what is gliosis?

A

proliferation of astrocytes due to damage to CNS

52
Q

what is an ependymoma?

A

tumor of ependymal cells

Histology block 2 (9 decks)

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