Nervous systemm

Question 1

What are the two main cell types in the nervous system?

Answer 1

Neurons and neuroglia

Question 2

Name the composition of a neuron, it has 4 elements

Answer 2

It has a cell body, with extensions called dendrites, and axons which carry the impulses to and away from the cell body. Some axons are surrounded by a myelin sheath

Question 3

Name the two elements of the CNS

Answer 3

The brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What part of the nerves lie in the gray matter?

Answer 4

The nerve cell bodies

Question 5

What part of the nerves lie in the white matter?

Answer 5

The interconnecting fiber tract system

Question 6

Which three layers constitute the meninges?

Answer 6

pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

Question 7

Which two things surround and protect the CNS?

Answer 7

Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 8

The brain and spinal cord is covered by what layer?

Answer 8

The pia mater

Question 9

Where is the CSF located?

Answer 9

Between the pia and arachnoid mater

Question 10

What layer surrounds the arachnoid mater?

Answer 10

Dura mater

Question 11

In the PNS, there are two classes of nerve fibers. Name them and describe their characteristics

Answer 11

Myelinated nerve fiber, which have a myelin sheath that enwrap an individual axon.
Unmyelinated nerve fibers, in which multiple axons are embedded in a Schwann cell

Question 12

Peripheral nerves are supported and protected by three connective tissue layers. Name them from inside to outside

Answer 12

Endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium

Question 13

What does the endoneurium enclose from a nerve fiber?

Answer 13

The neurolemma cells and axons

Question 14

What does the perineurium enclose from a nerve fiber?

Answer 14

It encloses a bundle of peripheral nerve fibers

Question 15

What does the epineurium enclose?

Answer 15

A bundle of nerve bundle fibers

Question 16

A collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS is called ….

Answer 16

Ganglion

Question 17

Peripheral nerves are either …. or …. nerves

Answer 17

cranial or spinal

Question 18

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 18

12 pairs

Question 19

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, name the number of nerves per category according to the vertebrae

Answer 19

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Question 20

The somatic nervous sytem provides …………………. to all parts of the body except the viscera in the body cavities, smooth muscle, and glands

Answer 20

sensory and motor innervation

Question 21

The autonomic nervous sytem is divided into two systems. Name them

Answer 21

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 22

Name the two roots of a nerve and what they consist of

Answer 22

The anterior/ventral root consists of motor/efferent fibers

The posterior/dorsal root consists of sensory/afferent fibers

Question 23

Name three structures that the posterior rami supply to

Answer 23

Synovial joints of the vertebral column, deep muscles of the back and the overlying skin of the back

Question 24

Name the four major areas the anterior rami supply to

Answer 24

Anterior and lateral regions of the trunk, and the upper and lower limbs

Question 25

Name the four main components of a typical spinal nerve

Answer 25

Somatic sensory fibers and motor fibers, visceral motor fibers, connective tissue coverings, and the vasa nervorum

Question 26

What type of nerve fibers does the autonomic nervous system consist of?

Answer 26

Visceral efferent/motor fiberss

Question 27

Where is the cell body of the first and second neuron located?

Answer 27

The gray matter of the CNS, and the axon synapses

Question 28

What are the two locations the cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system occur in?

Answer 28

The paravertebral ganglia and the prevertebral ganglia

Question 29

Presynaptic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system have four possible courses to take. Name them.

Answer 29

Ascend and then synapse
Descend and then synapse
Synapse at the level of exit
Pass through the sympathetic trunk without synapsing to enter the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 30

What does splanchnic nerves convey?

Answer 30

Visceral efferent autonomic and afferent fibers to and from the viscera of the body cavities

Question 31

Where do the fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system exit?

Answer 31

At the cranial parasympathetic outflow and the sacral parasympathetic outflow

Question 32

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system set the body up for two different situations. Name them

Answer 32

Sympathetic prepares for fight or flight, parasympathetic prepares for quiet and orderly body processes