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Anatomy > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 9 principal viscera of the abdomen

A

Esophagus, stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallblader, kidneys, suprarenal glands

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2
Q

Name the 3 parts of the gastrointestinal tract

A

Esophagus, stomach, intestine

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3
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

A series of ring-like contraction waves responsible for mixing of the food mass with gastric juices

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4
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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5
Q

Where does absorption of chemical compounds primarily occur?

A

In the small intestine

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6
Q

What are the five parts of the large intestine?

A

cecum, appendix, colon (ascending, transverse, descending), rectum, anal canal

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7
Q

Where does reabsorption of water occur?

A

In the ascending colon

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8
Q

Name the arterial supply of the abdominal viscera and the three main branches it has

A

The abdominal aorta, of which the three major branches are the celiac trunk, and the superior and inferiro mesenteric arteries

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9
Q

What is the main channel of the portal venous system?

A

The hepatic portal vein

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10
Q

Where does the esophagus start and end?

A

It starts at the pharynx and ends at the stomach

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11
Q

There is a clear transition visible in the esophagogastric junction. Name the cell type of the esophagus and of the stomach you see at the junction here.

A

The esophagus is stratified squamous epithelium

The stomach is simple columnar epithelium

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12
Q

Name the main artery that supplies the abdominal esophagus

A

The esophageal branches of the left gastric artery

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13
Q

Name the main vessel that drains the abdominal esophagus

A

The left gastric vein

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14
Q

What is the main function of the stomach?

A

Acidic and mechanical digestion

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15
Q

Name the four parts of the stomach

A

Cardia, fundus, body and pyloric part

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16
Q

Name the two curvatures of the stomach and where they are located

A

The lesser curvature, forms the shorter superior border of the stomach, the greater curvature forms the long inferior border of the stomach

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17
Q

Name the five main arteries associated with blood supply to the stomach

A

Celiac trunk of the abdominal aorta, right and left gastric arteries and right and left gastro-omental artery

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18
Q

By which veins is the stomach drained?

A

The right and left gastric veins

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19
Q

The stomach is covered by ………..

A

periotoneum

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20
Q

Name the four parts of the duodenum in the order the food would pass through them

A

Superior, descending, inferior and ascending duodenum

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21
Q

Name the five layers of the wall of the small intestine from the lumen towards the outside

A

Mucosa, Muscularis mucosae, muscularis externa, subserosa and viseral peritoneum/serosa

22
Q

What are the four parts of the colon?

A

Ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon

23
Q

The large intestine has features that the small intestine does not. Name three of them

A

Teniae coli; thickened bands of smooth muscle fibers
Haustra; pouches of the colon between the teniae
Omental appendices; fatty appendices of colon

24
Q

Which artery supplies the cecum?

A

ileocolic artery

25
Q

Which arteries supply the ascending colon?

A

The ileocolic and right colic arteries

26
Q

Which artery supplies the transverse colon?

A

The middle colic artery

27
Q

Name the four main parts of the pancreas

A

The head, neck, body and tail

28
Q

What does the exocrine pancreas produce? 1

A

Digestive enzymes which enter the duodenum

29
Q

What does the endocrine pancreas produce? 2

A

Glucagon and insulin

30
Q

Where does the main pancreatic duct start and end?

A

It begins in the tail of the pancreas and ends at the common bile duct

31
Q

What controls the flow of bile?

A

The sphincter of the bile duct

32
Q

What prevents reflux of bile into the duct?

A

The sphincter of the pancreatic duct

33
Q

Every substance absorbed by the alimentary tract is first recieved by ……

A

the liver

34
Q

What are the three elements of the portal triad?

A

Portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct

35
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

In the liver

36
Q

Hepatocytes secrete bile into the ………… between them

A

bile canaliculi

37
Q

Which vessels drain the right and left livers of bile?

A

The right and left hepatic ducts

38
Q

The cystic duct connects the neck of the gallbladder to which duct

A

The common hepatic duct

39
Q

Which artery supplies the gallbladder and the cystic duct?

A

The cystic artery

40
Q

The hepatic portal vein. What is it deprived of and what is it full of?

A

It is oxygen low, and nutrient-rich

41
Q

Name three functions of the kindeys

A

Removal of excess water, salts, and wastes of protein metabolism from the blood

42
Q

What drains the kidneys of urine?

A

The ureters

43
Q

Name the four secretions of the suprarenal gland

A

corticosteroids, androgens, epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones

44
Q

The renal hilum is the entrance into the renal ……

A

sinus

45
Q

Where are the kidneys located? Name the position in the body (anterior or posterior) and the vertebrae levels

A

The kidneys are located on the posterior abdominal wall, at T12-L3 vertebrae level

46
Q

Name the three structures the right kidney is related with and how they are related (posterior/anterior etc)

A

The liver, duodenum and ascending colon are anterior to the right kidney

47
Q

Name the five structures the left kidney is related to

A

The stomach, spleen, pancreas, jejenum and descending colon

48
Q

Name the two parts of the suprarenal glands

A

The suprarenal cortex and suprarenal medulla

49
Q

The kidneys are supplied by which vessel and drained by which vessel?

A

The renal arteries and renal veins

50
Q

The suprarenal arteries arise from which three sources?

A

The superior suprarenal arteries, middle suprarenal arteries and inferior suprarenal arteries

Anatomy (9 decks)

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